Liver Enzymes and Their Association with Some Cardiometabolic Diseases: Evidence from a Large Kurdish Cohort

Table 3

Multivariate regression analysis of liver enzyme levels with cardiometabolic diseases.

Variables	ALT	AST	ALT/AST ratio	GGT	ALP
	(95% CI)	(95% CI)	(95% CI)	(95% CI)	(95% CI)
Chol
Crude	0.03 (0.02–0.04)	0.01 (0.01–0.02)	0.0004 (0.0002–0.0006)	0.07 (0.06–0.08)	0.23 (0.19–0.26)
Adjusted model	0.04 (0.03–0.05)	0.01 (0.01–0.02)	0.0008 (0.0006–0.001)	0.07 (0.05–0.08)	0.13 (0.09–0.18)
TG
Crude	0.03 (0.02-0.03)	0.009 (0.007-0.01)	0.0009 (0.0008-0.001)	0.05 (0.04-0.05)	0.09 (0.08-0.11)
Adjusted model	0.02 (0.01–0.02)	0.005 (0.002-0.008)	0.0007 (0.0005-0.0008)	0.04 (0.03-0.05)	0.06 (0.04–0.08)
LDL
Crude	0.05 (0.04–0.06)	0.02 (0.01–0.03)	0.0005 (0.0005–0.001)	0.1 (0.09–0.1)	0.28 (0.23–0.33)
Adjusted model	0.06 (0.04–0.08)	0.02 (0.01–0.03)	0.0009 (0.0005–0.001)	0.08 (0.06–0.1)	0.17 (0.10–0.24)
HDL
Crude	-0.20 (-0.22–-0.17)	-0.02 (-0.0–-0.01)	-0.007 (-0.007–-0.006)	-0.16 (-0.20–-0.13)	-0.26 (-0.38–-0.10)
Adjusted model	-0.05 (-0.10–-0.01)	0.01 (-0.01–0.04)	-0.003 (-0.004–-0.002)	-0.06 (-0.12–-0.003)	-0.28 (-0.44–-0.10)
FBS
Crude	0.04 (0.03–0.05)	-0.007 (-0.01–-0.001)	0.002 (0.002–0.002)	0.09 (0.08–0.11)	0.31 (0.27–0.36)
Adjusted model	0.04 (0.03–0.05)	-0.008 (-0.01–0.0001)	0.002 (0.002–0.002)	0.09 (0.07–0.11)	0.27 (0.21–0.32)
Waist circumference
Crude	0.17 (0.14–0.19)	0.01 (-0.007–0.02)	0.007 (0.006–0.007)	0.22 (0.18–0.26)	0.47 (0.35–0.59)
Adjusted model	0.05 (-0.01–0.11)	0.01 (-0.02–0.05)	0.001 (0.0004–0.003)	0.09 (0.003–0.18)	0.37 (0.11–0.64)
SBP
Crude	0.05 (0.04–0.07)	0.02 (0.01–0.03)	0.001 (0.0009–0.001)	0.11 (0.08–0.13)	0.52 (0.45–0.60)
Adjusted model	0.03 (0.006–0.05)	0.01 (0.001–0.03)	0.0002 (-0.0002–0.0008)	0.05 (0.01–0.08)	0.34 (0.24–0.45)
DBP
Crude	0.10 (0.07–0.13)	0.04 (0.02–0.06)	0.002 (0.001–0.003)	0.18 (0.14–0.22)	0.75 (0.62–0.88)
Adjusted model	0.04 (0.08–0.08)	0.02 (-0.0002–0.05)	0.0002 (-0.0007–0.001)	0.09 (0.03–0.15)	0.51 (0.34–0.68)

ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; Chol: cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; FBS: fast blood glucose; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure. Adjusted model for gender, age, smoking status, physical activity, and BMI.