Evaluation of Xpert Carba-R Assay for the Detection of Carbapenemase Genes in Gram-Negative Bacteria

Table 3

Characteristics of included articles.

Arthur	Year	Experiment design	Golden standard	Geographical distribution of strains	Source of samples	Total sample	Genotype	Total	Events	Detection rate
Tato [9]	2016	prospective	culture and sequence	UK	383 clinical isolates and 250 contrived isolates	633	OXA-48	40	38	95%
							NDM	26	26	100%
							VIM	31	29	93.55%
							KPC	30	29	96.67%
							IMP	27	26	96.30%
McMullen [10]	2017	retrospective	laboratory-developed PCR assays or must have been previously characterized as part of the CDC	USA, UK and Spain	189 clinical isolates	189	OXA-48	12	12	100%
							NDM	27	27	100%
							VIM	7	7	100%
							KPC	84	84	100%
							IMP	1	1	100%
Moore [11]	2017	prospective	culture and sequence	France	755 clinical isolates and 432 contrived isolates	1187	OXA-48	113	111	98.23%
							NDM	88	88	100%
							VIM	92	87	94.57%
							KPC	110	110	100%
							IMP	80	76	95%
Findlay [14]	2015	retrospective	in-house PCR	UK	450 isolates cultured from 2808C freezer storage or from the sender’s original slopes on MacConkey agar plates with a 10 mg ertapenem disc	450	OXA-48	100	100	100%
							NDM	100	100	100%
							VIM	100	100	100%
							KPC	100	100	100%
							IMP	24	17	71%
Hoyos-Mallecot [15]	2017	retrospective	culture and sequence	USA and Italy	241 clinical isolates	241	KPC	1	1	100.00%
							OXA-48	10	10	100%
Kost [16]	2017	retrospective	determined by PCR or whole genome sequencing	USA and Europe	96 clinical isolates	96	OXA-48	9	8	88.90%
							NDM	25	25	100%
							VIM	3	3	100%
							KPC	43	41	95.30%
							IMP	2	2	100%
Vanstone [17]	2018	retrospective	in-house antimicrobial susceptibility testing(AST)	USA	26 clinical isolates and 69 screening samples	95	OXA-48	24	24	100%
							NDM	22	22	100%
							VIM	19	19	100%
							KPC	3	3	100%
							IMP	1	1	100%
Traczewski [18]	2018	retrospective	culture and sequence	USA	428 clinical isolates and 57 fresh isolates	485	OXA-48	89	89	100%
							NDM	78	78	100%
							VIM	82	82	100%
							KPC	84	84	100%
							IMP	40	40	100%
Cointe [19]	2019	prospective	PCR	France	53 clinical isolates	53	OXA-48	10	10	100%
							NDM	11	11	100%
							VIM	7	7	100%
							KPC	10	10	100%
							IMP	1	1	100%