Research Article

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo and the Increased Risk of Ischemic Stroke: A Nested Case-Control Study Using a National Cohort Sample

Table 1

General characteristics of participants.

CharacteristicsIschemic strokeHemorrhagic stroke
Ischemic stroke (, %)Control I group (, %) valueHemorrhagic stroke (, %)Control II group (, %) value

Age (years old)
 50-541,121 (7.2)4,484 (7.2)656 (13.3)2,624 (13.3)
 55-591,390 (8.9)5,560 (8.9)619 (12.6)2,476 (12.6)
 60-641,926 (12.3)7,704 (12.3)714 (14.5)2,856 (14.5)
 65-692,537 (16.3)10,148 (16.3)771 (15.7)3,084 (15.7)
 70-743,027 (19.4)12,108 (19.4)791 (16.1)3,164 (16.1)
 75-792,795 (17.9)11,180 (17.9)674 (13.7)2,696 (13.7)
 80-841,765 (11.3)7,060 (11.3)402 (8.2)1,608 (8.2)
 85+1,049 (6.7)4,196 (6.7)296 (6.0)1,184 (6.0)
Sex
 Male7,653 (49.0)30,612 (49.0)2,379 (48.3)9,516 (48.3)
 Female7,957 (51.0)31,828 (51.0)2,544 (51.7)10,176 (51.7)
Income
 1 (lowest)3,295 (21.1)13,180 (21.1)1,005 (20.4)4,020 (20.4)
 21,935 (12.4)7,740 (12.4)654 (13.3)2,616 (13.3)
 32,342 (15.0)9,368 (15.0)781 (15.9)3,124 (15.9)
 43,019 (19.3)12,076 (19.3)996 (20.2)3,984 (20.2)
 5 (highest)5,019 (32.2)20,076 (32.2)1,487 (30.2)5,948 (30.2)
Region of residence
 Urban6,251 (40.0)25,004 (40.0)2,045 (41.5)8,180 (41.5)
 Rural9,359 (60.0)37,436 (60.0)2,878 (58.5)11,512 (58.5)
Hypertension12,559 (80.5)50,236 (80.5)3,534 (71.8)14,136 (71.8)
Diabetes6,429 (41.2)25,716 (41.2)1,367 (27.8)5,468 (27.8)
Dyslipidemia5,791 (37.1)23,164 (37.1)1,259 (25.6)5,036 (25.6)1.000
Ischemic heart disease2,555 (16.4)8,456 (13.5)<0.001530 (10.8)2,181 (11.1)0.535
Depression2,058 (13.2)6,968 (11.2)<0.001537 (10.9)2,144 (10.9)0.967
Peripheral vascular disease4,791 (30.7)19,805 (31.7)0.0121,078 (21.9)5,607 (28.5)<0.001
Atrial fibrillation and flutter1,652 (10.6)3,004 (4.8)<0.001336 (6.8)785 (4.0)<0.001
COPD2,742 (17.6)10,921 (17.5)0.825179 (15.2)3,667 (15.7)0.687
BPPV572 (3.7)1,702 (2.7)<0.001132 (2.7)473 (2.4)0.258

Chi-square test. Significance at . COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BPPV: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.