Contraceptive Method Utilization and Determinant Factors among Young Women (15-24) in Ethiopia: A Mixed-Effects Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis of the Performance Monitoring for Action 2018 Household Survey

Table 4

Mixed-effects multilevel logistic regression analysis of the determinants of contraceptive method utilization among young women in Ethiopia, June-July, 2018.

Variables	Contraceptive use		Crude OR (95% CI)	Model 1 (level 2 variables); AOR (95% CI)	Model 2 (level 1 variables); AOR (95% CI)	Model 3 (full model); AOR (95% CI)
	Yes (538); (%)	No (444); (%)
Level 2: higher (contextual) level variables
Place of residence
Rural	237 (46.0)	166 (54.0)	1.00	1.00		1.00
Urban	301 (64.5)	166 (35.5)	2.13 (1.64, 2.78)	0.86 (0.53, 1.39)		0.90 (0.53, 1.52)
Wealth quintiles
Lowest quintile	48 (38.7)	76 (61.3)	1.00	1.00		1.00
Lower quintile	45 (38.5)	72 (61.5)	0.99 (0.59, 1.66)	1.40 (0.78, 2.53)		1.41 (0.75, 2.68)
Middle quintile	66 (48.9)	69 (51.1)	1.51 (0.92, 2.48)	1.69 (0.95, 2.98)		1.59 (0.86, 2.95)
Higher quintile	134 (57.8)	98 (42.2)	2.17 (1.39, 3.38)	2.50 (1.42, 4.37)		2.00 (1.08, 3.72)
Highest quintile	245 (65.5)	129 (34.5)	3.01 (1.98, 4.58)	3.82 (1.97, 7.41)		2.83 (1.35, 5.95)
Religion
Orthodox Christian	310 (63.7)	177 (36.3)	1.00	1.00		1.00
Muslim	118 (36.0)	210 (64.0)	0.32 (0.24, 0.43)	0.42 (0.29, 0.62)		0.50 (0.33, 0.76)
Protestant	104 (67.1)	51 (32.9)	1.16 (0.79, 1.71)	1.05 (0.64, 1.71)		1.22 (0.72, 2.07)
Others	6 (50.0)	6 (50.0)	0.57 (0.18, 1.80)	0.60 (0.17, 2.08)		0.67 (0.17, 2.67)
Level 1: lower (individual) level variables
Age group (in years)
15-19	127 (49.2)	131 (50.8)	1.00		1.00	1.00
20-24	411 (56.8)	313 (43.2)	1.35 (1.02, 1.80)		1.65 (1.14, 2.39)	1.66 (1.14, 2.43)
Educational status
No formal education	62 (33.0)	126 (67.0)	1.00		1.00	1.00
Primary (grade 1-8)	249 (55.1)	203 (44.9)	2.49 (1.75, 3.56)		1.49 (0.95, 2.34)	1.19 (0.74, 1.92)
Secondary (grade 9-12)	147 (67.4)	71 (32.6)	4.21 (2.78, 6.38)		1.76 (1.01, 3.08)	1.16 (0.63, 2.14)
Technic/college (12+)	80 (64.5)	4 4(35.5)	3.40 (2.29, 5.96)		1.08 (0.57, 2.05)	1.67 (0.68, 2.34)
Marital status
Never married	83 (65.9)	43 (34.1)	1.78 (1.20, 2.64)		2.37 (1.37, 3.80)	1.61 (1.01, 2.81)
Married or in union	420 (52.0)	387 (48.0)	1.00		1.00	1.00
Divorced	35 (71.4)	14 (28.6)	2.31 (1.22, 4.35)		3.05 (1.25, 7.48)	3.20 (1.30, 7.09)
Family size
1-2	154 (63.1)	90 (36.9)	1.00		1.00	1.00
3-4	271 (54.7)	224 (45.3)	0.71 (0.52, 0.97)		0.93 (0.57, 1.54)	1.05 (0.63, 1.76)
≥5	113 (46.5)	130 (53.5)	0.51 (0.35, 0.73)		0.55 (0.33, 0.91)	0.70 (0.42, 1.18)
Parity
Nulipara (no birth)	213 (59.3)	146 (40.7)	1.00		1.00	1.00
1-2 births	306 (54.6)	254 (45.4)	0.83 (0.63, 0.99)		0.55 (0.33, 0.91)	0.51 (0.30, 0.86)
≥3 births	19 (30.2)	44 (69.8)	0.30 (0.17, 0.53)		0.38 (0.17, 0.85)	0.38 (0.17, 0.87)
Intended next birth
Soon	24 (17.6)	112 (82.4)	1.00		1.00	1.00
After 2 years	458 (62.2)	278 (37.8)	7.69 (4.83, 12.24)		10.49 (6.02, 18.29)	11.38 (6.46, 20.04)
Not decided	56 (50.9)	54 (49.1)	4.84 (2.72, 8.63)		8.26 (4.12, 16.55)	8.81 (4.32, 17.96)
Knowledge on contraceptive methods
Poor knowledge	106 (35.7)	191 (64.3)	1.00		1.00	1.00
Good knowledge	432 (63.1)	253 (36.9)	3.08 (2.32, 4.09)		2.49 (1.73, 3.60)	2.15 (1.47, 3.16)

Catholic, Jova, and Traditional.