Utilization of Deworming Drugs and Its Individual and Community Level Predictors among Pregnant Married Women in Cameroon: A Multilevel Modeling
Table 2
Multilevel multivariable results for individual/household and community-level predictors of utilization of deworming medication among pregnant women: evidence from 2018/19 CDHS.
Variables
Model 0
Model I AOR [95% CI]
Model II AOR [95% CI]
Model III AOR [95% CI]
Women’s educational status
No formal education (ref)
Primary school
1.38 (1.08-1.77)
1.27 (0.99-1.64)
Secondary school
1.53 (1.16-2.02)
1.38 (1.04-1.83)
Higher
1.43 (0.93-2.22)
1.28 (0.82-1.98)
Husband educational status
No formal education (ref)
Primary school
0.91 (0.72-1.15)
0.85 (0.67-1.07)
Secondary school
0.92 (0.72-1.17)
0.86 (0.67-1.09)
Higher
0.87 (0.60-1.25)
0.83 (0.58-1.19)
Women occupation
Not working (ref)
Clerical
0.92 (0.51-1.69)
0.88 (0.48-1.60)
Sales
1.18 (0.96-1.45)
1.19 (0.97-1.46)
Agricultural self-employed
1.22 (0.98-1.52)
1.23 (0.98-1.54)
Services
1.08 (0.83-1.39)
1.07 (0.83-1.38)
Skilled manual
0.92 (0.68-1.24)
0.93 (0.69-1.26)
Unskilled manual
1.14 (0.63-2.07)
1.10 (0.61-1.98)
Husband occupation
Not working (ref)
Professional or technical or managerial
0.74 (0.42-1.29)
0.80 (0.45-1.39)
Clerical
0.73 (0.38-1.39)
0.79 (0.42-1.49)
Sales
0.69 (0.42-1.13)
0.74 (0.46-1.21)
Agricultural self-employed
0.82 (0.50-1.35)
0.91 (0.56-1.48)
Service
0.68 (0.41-1.14)
0.75 (0.45-1.25)
Skilled manual
0.91 (0.56-1.48)
0.97 (0.60-1.56)
Unskilled manual
0.52 (0.29-0.95)
0.58 (0.32-1.04)
Religion
Catholic (ref)
Protestant
1.04 (0.87-1.24)
1.00 (0.83-1.19)
Other Christians
0.90 (0.69-1.18)
0.86 (0.66-1.12)
Muslim
0.88 (0.70-1.10)
0.96 (0.76-1.21)
Other
0.61 (0.38-0.98)
0.67 (0.42-1.06)
Media exposure
No (ref)
Yes
1.12 (0.92-1.36)
1.08 (0.89-1.31)
Economic status
Quintiles 1 (ref)
Quintiles 2
1.51 (1.16-1.98)
1.32 (1.00-1.74)
Quintiles 3
1.59 (1.18-2.13)
1.39 (1.01-1.90)
Quintiles 4
1.93 (1.39-2.69)
1.69 (1.17-2.44)
Quintiles 5
2.19 (1.51-3.16)
1.90 (1.25-2.88)
Decision-making
No (ref)
Yes
1.04 (0.89-1.20)
0.98 (0.85-1.14)
Skill ANC
No (ref)
Yes
18.25 (10.88-30.62)
18.54 (11.05-31.10)
Sex of HH head
Male (ref)
Female
1.07 (0.88-1.30)
1.03 (0.85-1.26)
Distance to HF
Big problem (ref)
Not a big problem
1.28 (1.11-1.48)
1.19 (1.02-1.39)
Place of residence
Urban (ref)
Rural
0.89 (0.70-1.15)
1.08 (0.83-1.41)
Region
Adamawa (ref)
Centre (without Yaoun)
1.44 (0.89-2.35)
0.98 (0.59-1.63)
Douala
1.38 (0.82-2.31)
0.91 (0.54-1.55)
East
1.76 (1.14-2.71)
1.34 (0.85-2.13)
Far-North
1.05 (0.71-1.56)
0.92 (0.61-1.39)
Littoral (without Dou)
1.17 (0.70-1.95)
0.72 (0.43-1.22)
North
0.32 (0.20-0.50)
0.27 (0.17-0.43)
North-West
2.40 (1.49-3.86)
1.44 (0.88-2.36)
West
1.27 (0.78-2.06)
0.77 (0.47-1.27)
South
3.08 (1.89-5.02)
2.09 (1.27-3.45)
South-West
1.53 (0.78-3.03)
1.04 (0.52-2.07)
Yaounde
1.23 (0.74-2.05)
0.87 (0.52-1.47)
Community literacy level
Low (ref)
Medium
1.22 (0.89-1.67)
0.98 (0.71-1.34)
High
1.36 (0.95-1.96)
1.10 (0.76-1.59)
Community socioeconomic status
Low (ref)
Moderate
1.21 (0.93-1.56)
1.08 (0.83-1.40)
High
1.21 (0.88-1.67)
1.05 (0.75-1.47)
Random effect result
PSU variance (95% CI)
0.77 (0.60-0.98)
0.45 (0.33-0.61)
0.31 (0.21-0.44)
0.26 (0.18-0.40)
ICC
0.19
0.12
0.08
0.07
LR test
308.19
121.02
71.58
52.73
Wald chi-square and p-value
Reference
,
,
,
Model fitness
Log-likelihood
-2988.28
-2775.28
-2891.00
-2723.31
AIC
5980.56
5616.57
5820.01
5546.63
PSU
427
427
427
427
5,013
5,013
5,013
5,013
Notes: significant at , significant at , significant at ; ref: reference; AIC: Akaike Information Criterion.
