Neuroprotective Effect of Turmeric Extract in Combination with Its Essential Oil and Enhanced Brain Bioavailability in an Animal Model

Table 2

Pharmacokinetic parameters of curcumin, curcuminoids, and metabolites and its concentration in brain tissue.

Parameters	Group	Curcumin	Curcuminoids (curcumin+DMC+BDMC)	Conjugate metabolites (CG+CS)	Hydrogenated metabolites (HHC+THC)
			TE+EO-25	^b	^bcd	^cd	^d
TE+EO-50	^acd		^acd	^cd	^d
TE-25	^b		3^ab	^ab	^d
TE-50	^b		^ab	^ab	^abc
	TE+EO-25	^bcd	^bcd
	TE+EO-50	^a	^a
	TE-25	^a	^a
	TE-50	^a	^a
	TE+EO-25	^bcd	^bcd	^bcd	^bcd
	TE+EO-50	^acd	^acd	^acd	^acd
	TE-25	^ab	^ab	^ab	^ab
	TE-50	^ab	^ab	^ab	^ab
AUC 0-	TE+EO-25	^bcd	^bcd	^bcd	^bcd
	TE+EO-50	^acd	^acd	^acd	^acd
	TE-25	^ab	^ab	^ab	^ab
	TE-50	^ab	3^ab	^ab	^ab
AUC 0-inf	TE+EO-25	^b	^b	^bcd	^bcd
	TE+EO-50	991.90 ± 187.40^acd	1024.00 ± 177.14^acd	1581.53 ± 51.15^acd	118.24 ± 5.84^acd
	TE-25	^b	^b	^ab	^ab
	TE-50	^b	^b	^ab	6^ab
MRT	TE+EO-25	^b	^b	^cd	^d
	TE+EO-50	^acd	^acd		^d
	TE-25	^b	^b	^a
	TE-50	^b	^b	^a	^ab
Concentration in the brain	TE+EO-25	^bcd	^bcd	^d	^c
	TE+EO-50	^acd	^acd		^cd
	TE-25	^ab	^ab		^ab
	TE-50	^ab	^ab	^a	^b

: terminal phase half-life; : time to maximum plasma concentration; : maximum concentration; AUC (0-6 h): area under the curve up to 6 h; AUC (0-∞): AUC up to infinite time; MRT: mean residence time. ^a when compared to TE+EO-25. ^b when compared to TE+EO-50. ^c when compared to TE-25. ^d when compared to TE-50.