The Role of Cell Division Autoantigen 1 (CDA1) in Renal Fibrosis of Diabetic Nephropathy

Table 1

Studies of CDA1 in different diseases.

Disease type	Strategy	Regulation	Research object	Pathway/process	Function	References
Lung cancer	Transfection	CDA1↓	(1) In vivo: mice; (2) in vitro: A549 cells; (3) human lung tumor	Cyclin B-CDK1↓; TGF-β1↓	↓Cell growth; ↓cell migration	[47]
Breast cancer	Transfection	CDA1↓	(1) In vivo: mice; (2) in vitro: MCF-7 cells	Cyclin B-CDK1↓	↓Cell growth; ↓cell migration	[47]
Prostate cancer	Lentivirus	CDA1↓	(1) In vitro: LNCaP cells, PC3 cells, DU145 cells; (2) human prostate	Cyclin B-CDK1↓	↓Androgen receptor; ↓oncogenes; ↑tumor suppressors	[41]
Malignant glioma	Inhibitors	CDA1↓	(1) In vitro: T98G cells; (2) human glioblastoma, human multiforme, human glioma, human astrocytoma, human oligodendroglioma	Hypermethylation	↓Cell growth; ↓cell migration	[64]
Hepatocellular carcinoma	Transfection	CDA1↓	In vitro: 293T cells, HuH7 cells	Ubiquitin-proteasome ↑; hepatitis B viral protein (HBx)↓	↓Cell growth; ↓cell migration	[65]
Aortic aneurysms	Gene knockout	CDA1↓	(1) In vivo: mice; (2) human abdominal aortic aneurysms	TGF-β1↓	↓Aneurysm formation in human; ↓aneurysm severity in mice	[66]
Diabetic nephropathy	Gene knockout; adenoviral	CDA1↓	(1) In vivo: mice; (2) in vitro: HK-2 cells; (3) human renal biopsy	TGF-β ↓	↓Renal fibration	[32, 33, 67]
Diabetic atherosclerosis	Gene knockdown adenoviral	CDA1↓	(1) In vivo: mice; (2) in vitro: vascular smooth muscle cells	CDA1↓	↓Atherosclerosis	[68]
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	Gene knockdown	TSPYL2↓	In vivo: mice	Glutamate receptors↓	↑Activity; ↓prepulse inhibition	[61]
Neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders	Gene knockdown	TSPYL2↓	(1) In vivo: mice; (2) in vitro: HEK293 cells	Glutamate↓; GluN2A↓, GluN2B↓; BDNF↓, Egr3↓, Grin2c↓	↓Learning and behavior	[59, 62]
Intellectual disability	Genetic studies	Mutations in SPYL2	Mild nonsyndromic ID	Synaptic signaling↓	↓Memory skills and language development	[57, 58]

↓: decrease; ↑: increase.