Biofilm Formation by Pathogens Causing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia at Intensive Care Units in a Tertiary Care Hospital: An Armor for Refuge

Table 1

Biochemical tests for identification of gram-negative isolates.

Organism isolated	E. coli	K. pneumoniae	C. freundii	C. koseri	P. aeruginosa	ACBC	BCC
TSI (slant/butt)	A/A	A/A	KorA/A	KorA/A	K/K	K/K	K/K
Gas	+	++	+	+	-	-	-
OF (glucose)	F	F	F	F	O	O	O
H2S	-	-	±	-	-	-	-
Motility	Motile	Nonmotile	Motile	Motile	Motile	Nonmotile	Motile
Indole	+	-	-	+	-	-	-
Citrate	-	+	+	+	+	+	+
Urease	-	+	±	±	±	±	±
Oxidase	-	-	-	-	+	-	+
Lysine decarboxylase	+	+	-	-	-	-	±
Arginine dihydrolase	±	-	±	±	+	±	-
Ornithine decarboxylase	±	-	±	+	-	-	±

Abbreviation: TSI: triple sugar iron agar; OF: oxidation-fermentation test; A: acidic (yellow); K: alkaline (red); ACBC: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii complex; BCC: Burkholderia cepacia complex; O: oxidative; F: fermentative.