In Vivo and In Vitro Analyses of Titanium-Hydroxyapatite Functionally Graded Material for Dental Implants

Figure 3

Cell growth in standard culture conditions. SEM micrographs demonstrate the surface topography of the surfaces of the Ti-HA and Ti materials used. MC3T3-E1 cells migrated into the grooves, and many cellular pseudopodia attached to the walls of the grooves in the Ti-HA composite, whereas in the Ti group, cells adhered only to the surface of the material.