Overall Prevalence and Prevalence Compared among Psoriasis Treatments of Onychomycosis in Patients with Nail Psoriasis and Fungal Involvement

Table 2

Results of potassium hydroxide (KOH), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain, and culture techniques.

Specimens collected from distal part of fingernails ()
Direct microscopy		Culture	Interpretation	(%)	Pathogen
KOH testing^¶	PAS stain^§
—	—	No growth	No pathogen	62 (41.3%)
+	—	No growth	Discordant results	1 (0.7%)
—	—	Candida	Colonization	34 (22.7%)	(i) Candida spp. (); (ii) C. albicans (); (iii) C. krusei ()
—	+	No growth		7 (4.7%)
+	+
+	—		Onychomycosis	46 (30.7%)	Candida spp. (); C. albicans (); C. krusei (); C. dubliniensis (); T. rubrum ()
—	+	Pathologic fungi
+	+
Specimens collected from proximal part of fingernails that had at least grade 1 of paronychial involvement ()
KOH testing^¶		Culture	Interpretation	(%)	Pathogen
—		—	No pathogen	52 (71.2%)
Pseudohyphae with budding yeast		Candida	Candida infection at the nail fold	13 (17.8%)	Candida spp. (); C. albicans (); C. krusei (); C. dubliniensis ()

^¶KOH: + indicates pseudohyphae with budding yeast or septate hyphae. ^§PAS: + indicates the presence of septate hyphae invading the nail plate or thicker tortuous wall hyphae or pseudohyphae with budding yeast.