|
Protocol and parameter | value | Post hoc results | Power |
|
Vital capacity |
Expiratory airflow duration |
Gender | <0.001 | Males > females | 0.942 (>80) |
Peak expiratory airflow |
Gender | <0.001 | Males > females | 0.988 (>80) |
Expiratory volume |
Age | <0.001 | | 1.000 (>80) |
<0.05 | Younger adults > older adults |
<0.05 | Middle-aged adults > older adults |
<0.05 | Younger adults > middle-aged adults |
Gender | <0.001 | Males > females | 1.000 (>80) |
Maximum sustained phonation |
Maximum SPL |
Age | <0.05 | Middle-aged adults > younger adults | 0.621 (>60) |
Minimum SPL |
Age | <0.01 | Younger adults > older adults | 0.621 (>60) |
<0.05 |
Gender-age 18-39 age | <0.05 | | 0.627 (>60) |
Females | <0.05 | Females > males | |
<0.05 |
Erkek | NS | Younger adults > older adults Middle-aged adults > older adults |
SPL range |
Age | <0.001 | Older adults > younger adults Middle-aged adults > younger adults | 0.924 (>80) |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
Gender-age 18-39 age 40-59 age | <0.01 | Males > females Males > females | 0.619 (>60) |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
Females | <0.05 | Older adults > younger adults |
<0.05 | Older adults > middle-aged adults |
<0.05 | Middle-aged adults > younger adults |
Males | NS | |
Mean pitch |
Gender | <0.001 | Females > males | 1.000 (>80) |
Gender-age | <0.001 | | 0.996 (>80) |
18-39 age | <0.05 | Females > males |
40-59 age | <0.05 | Females > males |
60+ age | <0.05 | Females > males |
Females | <0.05 | Younger adults > older adults |
<0.05 | Middle-aged adults > older adults |
Males | <0.05 | Older adults > younger adults |
<0.05 | Middle-aged adults > younger adults |
Phonation time |
Age | <0.001 | Younger adults > older adults Younger adults > middle-aged adults | 0.996 (>80) |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
Gender | <0.001 | Males > females | 0.996 (>80) |
Peak expiratory airflow |
Age | <0.05 | Middle-aged adults > younger adults | 0.518 |
Gender | <0.001 | Males > females | 0.919 (>80) |
Mean expiratory airflow |
Gender | <0.001 | Males > females | 1.000 (>80) |
Expiratory volume |
Age | <0.001 | Younger adults > older adults Middle-aged adults > older adults | 0.986 (>80) |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
Gender | <0.001 | Males > females | 1.000 (>80) |
Comfortable sustained phonation |
Mean pitch |
Gender | <0.001 | Females > males | 1.000 (>80) |
Gender-age | <0.001 | |
18-39 age | <0.05 | Females > males | 0.983 (>80) |
40-59 age | <0.05 | Females > males |
60+ age | <0.05 | Females > males |
Females | <0.05 | Younger adults > older adults |
<0.05 | Middle-aged adults > older adults |
Males | <0.05 | Older adults > younger adults |
<0.05 | Middle-aged adults > younger adults |
Peak expiratory airflow |
Gender | <0.01 | Males > females | 0.698 (>60) |
Mean expiratory airflow |
Gender | <0.001 | Males > females | 1.000 (>80) |
Expiratory volume |
Gender | <0.001 | Males > females | 1.000 (>80) |
Variation in SPL |
Minimum SPL |
Gender | <0.05 | Males > females | 0.621 (>60) |
Mean SPL | |
Gender | <0.001 | Males > females | 0.621 (>60) |
Age | <0.001 | Older adults > younger adults | 0.921 (>80) |
<0.001 | Middle-aged adults > younger adults |
Mean pitch |
Gender | <0.001 | Females > males | 1.000 (>80) |
Gender-age | <0.001 | | 1.000 (>80) |
18-39 age | <0.05 | Females > males |
40-59 age | <0.05 | Females > males |
60+ age | <0.05 | Females > males |
Females | <0.05 | Younger adults > older adults | |
Males | <0.05 | Older adults > younger adults |
<0.05 | Older adults > middle-aged adults |
Pitch range |
Age | <0.05 | Middle-aged adults > younger adults | 0.619 (>60) |
Gender | <0.001 | Females > males | 0.993 (>80) |
Target airflow |
Age | <0.05 | Middle-aged adults > older adults | 0.479 |
Gender | <0.001 | Males > females | 1.000 (>80) |
Voicing efficiency |
Maximum SPL |
Age | <0.05 | Middle-aged adults > younger adults | 0.631 (>60) |
Mean SPL |
Age | <0.05 | Middle-aged adults > younger adults | 0.609 (>60) |
Mean pitch |
Gender | <0.001 | Females > males | 1.000 (>80) |
Gender-age | <0.001 | | 1.000 (>80) |
Females | <0.001 | Younger adults > older adults |
<0.001 | Middle-aged adults > older adults |
Males | <0.001 | Older adults > younger adults |
<0.05 | Middle-aged adults > younger adults |
Pitch range |
Gender | <0.001 | Females > males | 1.000 (>80) |
Expiratory airflow duration |
Age | <0.001 | Older adults > younger adults Middle-aged adults > younger adults | 0.998 (>80) |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
Gender | <0.05 | Females > males | 0.383 |
Peak air pressure |
Age | <0.01 | Older adults > younger adults | 0.786 (>60) |
Gender | <0.001 | Males > females | 0.909 (>80) |
Mean peak air pressure |
Age | <0.01 | Older adults > younger adults | 0.684 (>60) |
Gender | <0.01 | Males > females | 0.786 (>60) |
Peak expiratory airflow |
Gender | <0.001 | Males > females | 1.000 (>80) |
Target airflow |
Gender | <0.001 | Males > females | 1.000 (>80) |
Expiratory airflow |
Age | <0.01 | Middle-aged adults > younger adults | 0.772 (>60). |
Gender | <0.001 | Males > females | 1.000 (>80) |
Mean airflow during voicing |
Gender | <0.001 | Males > females | 1.000 (>80) |
Aerodynamic power |
Gender | <0.001 | Males > females | 1.000 (>80) |
Aerodynamic resistance |
Age | <0.001 | Older adults > middle-aged adults Older adults > younger adults | 0.892 (>80) |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
Gender | <0.05 | Females > males | 0.379 |
Acoustic ohms |
Age | <0.001 | Older adults > middle-aged adults Older adults > younger adults | 0.894 (>80) |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
Gender | <0.05 | Females > males | 0.383 |
Aerodynamic efficiency |
Gender | <0.01 | Females > males | 0.671 (>60) |
|