The Normative Study of Acoustic and Aerodynamic Characteristics of Voice among Healthy Adult Turkish Speaker Population

Table 2

ANOVAs run for each parameter within each protocol.

(a)

Vital capacity
Source			Power
Expiratory airflow duration
Age	1.061	0.348	0.0575
Gender	12.595	<0.001	0.942
Gender-age	0.523	0.594	0.0500
Peak expiratory airflow
Age	2.569	0.079	0.318
Gender	15.794	<0.001	0.988
Gender-age	1.149	0.542	0.0500
Expiratory volume
Age	27.081	<0.001	1.000
Gender	111.939	<0.001	1.000
Gender-age	1.867	0.157	0.189

.

(b)

Maximum sustained phonation
Source			Power			Power
Maximum SPL				Phonation time
Age	4.324	0.015	0.621	12.319	<0.001	0.996
Gender	0.535	0.535	0.0500	19.458	<0.001	0.996
Gender-age	0.770	0.770	0.0500	1.863	0.158	0.188
Minimum SPL				Peak expiratory airflow
Age	4.402	0.08	0.632	3.678	0.027	0.518
Gender	1.088	0.298	0.0568	11.623	<0.001	0.919
Gender-age	4.367	0.014	0.014	0.102	0.903	0.0500
Mean SPL				Mean expiratory airflow
Age	1.830	0.163	0.183	2.565	0.079	0.317
Gender	1.500	0.222	0.101	34.733	<0.001	1.000
Gender-age	0.833	0.436	0.0500	0.310	0.734	0.0500
SPL range				Expiratory volume
Age	7.662	<0.001	0.924	10.393	<0.001	0.986
Gender	1.634	0.203	0.116	89.935	<0.001	1.000
Gender-age	4.127	0.018	0.591	2.124	0.122	0.235
Mean SPL during voicing				Mean pitch
Age	2.342	0.099	0.275	1.869	0.157	0.189
Gender	0.015	0.747	0.0500	321.984	<0.001	1.000
Gender-age	1.236	0.293	0.0839	12.307	<0.001	0.996

. .

(c)

Comfortable sustained phonation
Source			Power			Power
Maximum SPL				Phonation time
Age	1.485	0.229	0.124	1.125	0.327	0.0670
Gender	0.314	0.576	0.0500	0.00679	0.934	0.0500
Gender-age	0.522	0.594	0.0500	0.339	0.713	0.0500
Minimum SPL				Peak expiratory airflow
Age	0.572	0.566	0.0500	0.829	0.438	0.0501
Gender	1.138	0.287	0.0621	7.121	0.008	0.0520
Gender-age	0.695	0.500	0.0500	0.652	0.522	0.0562
Mean SPL				Mean expiratory airflow
Age	1.830	0.163	0.183	1.176	0.311	0.747
Gender	1.500	0.222	0.101	27.823	<0.001	1.000
Gender-age	0.833	0.436	0.0500	0.0721	0.930	0.0500
SPL range				Expiratory volume
Age	1.637	0.197	0.149	1.198	0.304	0.0781
Gender	1.291	0.257	0.0785	27.808	<0.001	1.000
Gender-age	0.0912	0.913	0.0500	0.0905	0.913	0.0500
Mean pitch
Age	1.345	0.263	0.101
Gender	322.828	<0.001	1.000
Gender-age	10.108	<0.001	0.983

. .

(d)

Variation in sound pressure level
Source			Power			Power
Maximum SPL				Mean pitch
Age	1.833	0.163	0.183	0.211	0.810	0.0500
Gender	0.562	0.454	0.0500	408.017	<0.001	1.000
Gender-age	1.170	0.313	0.0738	15.688	<0.001	1.000
Minimum SPL				Pitch range
Age	3.298	0.039	0.452	4.314	0.015	0.619
Gender	6.203	0.014	0.621	18.349	<0.001	0.993
Gender-age	1.539	0.217	0.133	1.631	0.198	0.148
Mean SPL				Target airflow
Age	1.830	0.163	0.183	3.456	0.033	0.479
Gender	1.500	0.222	0.101	95.265	<0.001	1.000
Gender-age	0.833	0.436	0.0500	0.0605	0.941	0.0500
SPL range
Age	2.473	0.087	0.300
Gender	2.865	0.092	0.258
Gender-age	0.944	0.391	0.0500

. .

(e)

Voicing efficiency
Source			Power			Power
Maximum SPL				Peak expiratory airflow
Age	4.394	0.014	0.631	1.121	0.328	0.0665
Gender	0.200	0.655	0.0500	76.064	<0.001	1.000
Gender-age	0.236	0.790	0.0500	0.777	0.461	0.0500
Mean SPL				Target airflow
Age	4.248	0.016	0.609	1.929	0.148	0.200
Gender	0.386	0.535	0.0500	70.980	<0.001	1.000
Gender-age	0.143	0.867	0.0500	0.284	0.753	0.0500
Mean SPL during voicing				Expiratory volume
Age	2.893	0.058	0.378	5.509	0.005	0.772
Gender	0.223	0.223	0.100	37.879	<0.001	1.000
Gender-age	0.538	0.538	0.0500	0.706	0.495	0.0500
Mean pitch				Mean airflow during voicing
Age	1.071	0.345	0.0590	1.838	0.162	0.184
Gender	3.730	0.055	0.360	68.253	<0.001	1.000
Gender-age	0.364	0.364	0.0511	0.227	0.797	0.0500
Pitch range				Aerodynamic power
Age	0.632	0.532	0.0500	0.504	0.605	0.0500
Gender	25.499	<0.001	1.000	55.450	<0.001	1.000
Gender-age	0.249	0.780	0.0500	0.0126	0.987	0.0500
Expiratory airflow duration				Aerodynamic resistance
Age	13.205	<0.001	0.998	7.006	<0.001	0.892
Gender	3.928	0.049	0.383	3.899	0.050	0.379
Gender-age	0.635	0.531	0.0500	1.425	0.243	0.114
Peak air pressure				Aerodynamic efficiency
Age	5.654	0.004	0.786	1.728	0.180	0.165
Gender	11.254	<0.001	0.909	6.791	0.01	0.671
Gender-age	1.619	0.201	0.146	1.691	0.187	0.158
Mean peak air pressure				Acoustic ohms
Age	4.770	0.009	0.684	7.053	<0.001	0.894
Gender	8.407	0.004	0.786	3.928	0.049	0.383
Gender-age	0.662	0.517	0.0500	1.447	0.238	0.117

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