Review Article
New Insights into Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Improvement of Tissue-Scaffold Integration to Enhance Cartilage Regeneration
Table 1
Biomolecules in cartilage integration.
| No. | Recruited biomolecule | Result | Reference |
| 1 | FGF-2 | Increased GAG and type II collagen biosynthesis. Proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes | [77, 114–117] | 2 | IGF-1 | Stimulation of proteoglycan synthesis, chondrocyte proliferation, and cell homing. Improved histologic appearance in rabbit full-thickness cartilage defect | [75, 79, 118–123] | 3 | FGF-18 | Increased hyaline-cartilage production | [124, 125] | 4 | Kartogenin | Intact cartilage regeneration | [126] | 5 | TGF-β1 | Improved chondrogenic regeneration and cartilage integrity in a rabbit model | [127] | 6 | TGF-β1/IGF-1 | Chondrogenic differentiation, GAG deposition, and neocartilage integration to host tissue | [80] | 7 | TGF-β3 | Extracellular matrix formation by fibrochondrocytes of meniscus. Endogenous stem cell recruitment and in situ cartilage regeneration | [81, 128] | 8 | TGF-β3/kartogenin | Promotion of chondrogenesis and cartilage regeneration by synergistic effect and improved integrity in rabbit models | [129] | 9 | PRP | Enhanced chondrocyte proliferation and redifferentiation. Increase matrix accumulation | [78, 130, 131] | 10 | BMHP | Stem cell recruitment to the defect site and neocartilage similarity to native tissue | [82] | 11 | KLPP self-assembling peptide | Recruitment of endogenous chondrocytes and promotion of tissue integration | [83] |
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BMHP: bone marrow homing peptide.
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