Review Article

Clinical Efficacy of Epidural Injections of Local Anesthetic Alone or Combined with Steroid for Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Qualitative modified approach to grading of evidence.

LevelStrength of evidenceDescription

IStrongEvidence obtained from multiple relevant high-quality randomized controlled trials

IIModerateEvidence obtained from at least one relevant high-quality randomized controlled trial or multiple relevant moderate- or low-quality randomized controlled trials

IIIFairEvidence obtained from at least one relevant moderate- or low-quality randomized controlled trial with multiple relevant observational studies
OR
Evidence obtained from at least one relevant high-quality nonrandomized trial or observational study with multiple moderate- or low-quality observational studies

IVLimitedEvidence obtained from multiple moderate- or low-quality relevant observational studies

VConsensus-basedOpinion or consensus of a large group of clinicians and/or scientists