Rapid Dantrolene Administration with Body Temperature Monitoring Is Associated with Decreased Mortality in Japanese Malignant Hyperthermia Events

Table 2

The first MH sign.

	Survivor ()	Deceased ()	Total
Temperature abnormality	19	3	22 (19.5%)
Elevation of ETCO2	57	6	63 (55.8%)
Sinus tachycardia	9	4	13 (11.5%)
MMR	10	1	11 (9.7%)
GMR	3	0	3 (2.7%)
Elevation of PaCO2	1	0	1 (0.9%)
Missing data	14	1	15 (11.7%)

Temperature abnormality was also defined as a maximum °C or rate of increase in °C/15 min based on clinical grading scale and Morio’s criteria [9, 10]. MH: malignant hyperthermia; ETCO₂: end-tidal carbon dioxide; MMR: masseter muscle rigidity; GMR: generalized muscular rigidity; PaCO₂: arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide.