Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and the most expensive health condition throughout the world, killing nearly 17 million people in 2011 around the world. During the past decade, there have been significant advances in our knowledge of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment in CVD. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as being one of the most important gene regulators of widespread cellular function. However, we still do not have a complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms and pathological roles of miRNAs in cardiovascular tissue, whereas miRNAs represent a promising group of critical regulators of cardiovascular physiology and novel targets for prevention and treatment of CVD.

We sincerely invite researchers to contribute original research articles as well as review articles to this special issue, which will report the most recent results and progress about the involvement of miRNAs in CVD.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

• miRNAs function in CVD
• miRNAs as biomarkers of CVD
• miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets of CVD
• miRNAs expression changes after common pharmaceutical or surgical treatment for CVD
• Bioinformatics study of microRNA in CVD