Paleopathology has been an important part of anatomists’ researches, mainly focusing on the diseases affecting the human populations in history. By scientific studies carried out on the ancient samples, it can improve our understanding of the health and disease status of our ancestors. Nevertheless, it is also true that more academic experiences still have to accumulate for the accurate interpretation of bioanthropological results. More cases about ancient diseases must be reported from the skeletons or mummies discovered worldwide. Newly emerging techniques should be applied more actively to the related bioanthropological cases. And a review of the ethical aspects is also needed for successful research. It is thus the purpose of this special issue to consider the latest accomplishments of paleopathological and bioanthropological studies and its related novel techniques. As the accurate interpretation of the biomedical signs which remained on ancient specimens requires the reference data from modern counterparts, we also encourage the submissions relating to the concept.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• New or modified techniques for paleopathological and bioanthropological studies
• Paleopathological or anthropological studies on human specimens
• Review on the studies of paleopathology
• The report on the modern people as a reference to future paleopathological and bioanthropological studies
• A time series analysis of health and disease in ancient and modern human populations
• Biochemical studies of ancient DNA or stable isotope analyses
• Paleoparasitological studies
• Ethics of paleopathology
• Mummy studies worldwide
• Anatomic bone variations in anthropological samples
• Report of the excavation site from the perspective of anthropological archaeology