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Behavioural Neurology

Behavioural Neurology / 2014 / Article / Tab 2

Clinical Study

Dopamine Treatment and Cognitive Functioning in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: The “Cognitive Flexibility” Hypothesis Seems to Work

Table 2

PD patients’ performance (average scores and percentage of pathological values) on the test of the neuropsychological battery. For all tests, with the exception of Modified Card Sorting test-perseverative and nonperseverative errors, higher scores mean better performance.
Neuropsychological testsPD group
PD patients with
pathological score
Mean (SD) (percentage)
Mnesic functions  
Short-term memory  —
 Corsi Test Forward4.8 (0.6)—
 Digit Span Forward5.6 (1.5)—
Episodic memory  1 (5%)
 Word list recall-immediate recall42.4 (9.4)—
 Word list recall-delayed recall9.4 (2.6)1
 Word list recognition-correct items13 (1.8)—
 Word list recognition-false recognition1.9 (1.6)—
 Prose recall-immediate recall5.6 (1.2)—
 Prose recall-delayed recall 5.7 (1.3)—
 Rey's figure-immediate reproduction 14.1 (6.1) 
 Rey's figure-delayed reproduction12.7 (6.9) 
Visual-spatial abilities 2 (10%)
 Free hand copying of drawings9.1 (1.9)2
 Copying drawings with landmarks67.3 (2.4)—
 Rey's figure copy30.3 (4.9)—
Language abilities 1 (5%)
 Object naming28.5 (1.8)—
Abstract reasoning  
 Raven’s progressive matrices 4727.8 (4.1)—
Executive functions 9 (45%)
 Modified Card Sorting Test-categories achieved4.5 (1.3)9
 Modified Card Sorting test-perseverative errors7.4 (5.9)5
 Modified Card Sorting Test-nonperseverative errors5.9 (5.5)4

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