Clinical Study
Dopamine Treatment and Cognitive Functioning in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: The “Cognitive Flexibility” Hypothesis Seems to Work
Table 3
Subjects’ performance (average values) on the cognitive tests administered in the two experimental sessions.
| | | Low performer PD patients | High performer PD patients | Low performer NCs | High performer NCs | | | Off condition | On condition | Off condition | On condition | Blue session | Green session | Blue session | Green session |
| | | Mean (SD) | | Stroop test | | | | | | | | | | Word reading | | | | | | | | | | Response times | 54.9 (13.6) | 58.1 (30.3) | 56.0 (15.2) | 54.4 (19.9) | 54.5 (21.5) | 49.3 (8.7) | 46.8 (9.7) | 48.0 (5.9) | | Accuracy | 99.7 (0.6) | 99.6 (0.9) | 100 (0.0) | 100 (0.0) | 99.7 (1.3) | 100.0 (0.0) | 99.8 (0.5) | 100 (0.0) | | Naming colours | | | | | | | | | | Response times | 81.5 (18.4) | 95.7 (48.9) | 79.7 (12.9) | 86.0 (22.9) | 72.8 (20.5) | 75.4 (16.8) | 68.4 (17.4) | 65.8 (16.4) | | Accuracy | 99.2 (1.2) | 99.6 (2.4) | 99.4 (0.9) | 99.4 (0.8) | 99.4 (1.1) | 99.8 (0.4) | 99.6 (0.9) | 100 (0.0) | | Resistance to interference | | | | | | | | | | Response times | 187.6 (57.8) | 156.3 (55.0) | 126.1 (37.7) | 130.4 (53.2) | 133.9 (44.5) | 139.9 (44.5) | 130.2 (53.1) | 120.4 (27.3) | | Accuracy | 91.9 (12.9) | 92.8 (13.2) | 98.4 (1.5) | 99.6 (0.8) | 97.7 (5.2) | 98.6 (2.3) | 98.2 (1.9) | 99.4 (0.9) | | Fluency tests | | | | | | | | | | Phonemic | 25.8 (11.9) | 23.0 (8.7) | 29.6 (9.5) | 32.3 (9.0) | 32.1 (11.1) | 32.2 (8.1) | 33.2 (4.2) | 33.2 (6.9) | | Semantic | 33.0 (9.6) | 29.3 (8.6) | 33.7 (4.5) | 36.0 (9.3) | 35.4 (11.7) | 35.8 (5.6) | 38.6 (3.4) | 40.8 (1.6) | | Alternate phonemic/semantic | 19.1 (9.0) | 19.7 (8.3) | 24.6 (7.6) | 26.8 (11.2) | 28.0 (12.7) | 26.5 (9.6) | 33.6 (8.0) | 29.2 (6.1) |
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