|
| Participants | CR | MMH | SC | MU |
|
| Languages exposed at home | Telugu (sometimes Kannada) | Urdu/Hindi | Telugu (sometimes Tamil with extended family) | Hindi/Urdu |
|
| Languages exposed at office/workplace/college | English, Kannada, Hindi | English, Hindi, Kannada | English, Telugu, Hindi | English, Hindi |
|
|
Age of acquisition: | L1 (Telugu): since birth | L1 (Hindi/Urdu): since birth | L1 (Telugu): since birth | L1 (Hindi/Urdu): since birth |
| L2 (English): 10th standard | L2 (English): 3.5 years | L2 (Tamil): exposed since birth | L2 (English): since school that is 1st standard |
| L3 (Kannada): after arriving at Kannada speaking state due to occupational needs in 2008 | L3 (Kannada): after arriving at Kannada speaking state (10 years) | L3 (English): since school that is 1st standard | |
|
| Order of dominance (premorbid): | | | | |
| L1 | Telugu (60%) | Hindi/Urdu (70%) | Telugu (50%) | Hindi (50%) |
| L2 | English (40%) | English (30%) | English (50%) | English (50%) |
|
| Order of dominance (postmorbid): | | | | |
| L1 | Telugu (30%) | Hindi/Urdu (85%) | Telugu (60%) | Hindi (90%) |
| L2 | English (70%) | English (15%) | English (40%) | English (10%) |
| | Sporadic usage of Kannada and Hindi | Sporadic usage of Kannada | Sporadic usage of Tamil and Hindi | |
|
| Modality of language acquisition: | | | | |
| L1 | both (oral/written and formal/informal) | both (oral/written and formal/informal) | both (oral/written and formal/informal) | both (oral/written and formal/informal) |
| L2 | both (oral/written and formal/informal) | both (oral/written and formal/informal) | both (oral/written and formal/informal) | both (oral/written and formal/informal) |
|
| Family members uses following languages: | | | | |
Grandparents, parents,
siblings- | Telugu | Hindi/Urdu | Telugu/Tamil | Hindi |
| Neighbours/children- | Kannada | Kannada | Hindi/Telugu | Hindi |
|
Language use choice:
3 point rating
(composite scores) | (can perform 3/10 tasks) | (can perform 6/10 tasks) | (can perform 6/10 tasks) | (can perform 5/10 tasks) |
| L1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2.7 |
| L2 | 2 | 2.7 | 3 | 2 |
|
Language proficiency
5 point rating
(composite scores) | (can perform 5/15 tasks) | (can perform 7/15 tasks) | (can perform 6/15 tasks) | (can perform 10/15 tasks) |
| L1 | 2.25 | 2.53 | 3.1 | 4.25 |
| L2 | 4.25 | 3.25 | 2.83 | 2.25 |
|
| Self-reported proficiency (5-point rating) | | | | |
| Reading (L1 L2) | 4 4 | 4 4 | 2 2 | 2 3 |
| Writing (L1 L2) | 3 4 | 3 4 | 1 2 | 2 2 |
| Speaking (L1 L2) | 3 4 | 3 4 | 2 2 | 3 2 |
| Understanding (L1 L2) | 4 4 | 4 4 | 4 3 | 4 4 |
|
