Anxiety Changes Depersonalization and Derealization Symptoms in Vestibular Patients
Table 3
Frequency for each symptom included in the Cox and Swinson Dp/Dr inventory in the three groups participating in the study.
Depersonalization/derealization symptoms
Healthy subjects,
Vestibular patients,
Vestibular patients without anxiety
Vestibular patients with anxiety
(1) Surrounding seems strange and unreal
0%
41%*
30%*
50%*
(2) Time seems to pass very slowly
20%
59%*
45%
69%*
(3) Body feels strange/different in some way
0%
44%*
30%*
54%*
(4) Feel like you’ve been here before (déjà vu)
25%
41%
30%
50%
(5) Feel as though in a dream
5%
22%
15%
27%*
(6) Body feels numb
5%
28%*
10%
42%*●
(7) Feeling of detachment or separation from surroundings
0%
26%*
5%
42%*●
(8) Numbing of emotions
0%
30%*
15%*
42%*●
(9) People and objects seem far away
10%
35%*
30%
39%*
(10) Feeling detached or separated from body
0%
15%*
5%
23%*
(11) Thoughts seem blurred
5%
41%*
15%
62%*●
(12) Events seem to happen in slow motion
5%
26%*
10%
39%*●
(13) Your emotions seem disconnected from yourself
0%
28%*
5%
46%*●
(14) Feeling of not being in control of self
5%
48%*
30%*
62%*●
(15) People appear strange or unreal
5%
30%*
15%
42%*●
(16) Dizziness
10%
87%*
80%*
92%*
(17) Surroundings appear covered with a haze
10%
33%*
20%
42%*
(18) Vision is dulled
5%
54%*
50%*
58%*
(19) Feel as if walking on shifting ground
10%
67%*
50%*
81%*●
(20) Difficulty understanding what others say to you
0%
30%*
15%*
42%*●
(21) Difficulty focusing attention
5%
50%*
30%*
65%*●
(22) Feel as though in a trance
5%
28%*
15%
39%*●
(23) The distinction between close and distant is blurred
0%
28%*
15%*
39%*●
(24) Difficulty concentrating
25%
50%*
35%
62%*●
(25) Feel as though your personality is different
0%
48%*
30%*
62%*●
(26) Feel confused or bewildered
5%
50%*
20%
73%*●
(27) Feel isolated from the world
0%
34.8%*
10%
54%*●
(28) Feel “spacey” or “spaced out”
0%
61%*
45%*
73%*●
P < 0.05: significance between healthy subjects and vestibular patients; ●P < 0.05: significance between vestibular patients with and without anxiety (Fisher’s exact test).
