Research Article
The Relationship between Training and Mental Health among Caregivers of Individuals with Polytrauma
Table 2
Comparison of navigating VA or DoD training groups on sociodemographics, injury and caregiver characteristics, and mental health outcomes.
| | | N | Training (n = 507) | Significantly different? | | Trained | Not Trained | Training Not Needed | Trained versus Not Trained versus
Training Not Needed | Trained versus Not Trained |
| | CG age (x, SD) | 482 | 48.22 (12.00) | 46.51 (12.78) | 47.00 (13.01) | p = .40 (N = 482) | p = .17 (N = 410) | | CG gender (count, %) | 495 | — | — | — | p = .54 (N = 495) | p = .19 (N = 420) | | Male | — | 36 (22%) | 46 (18%) | 13 (17%) | — | — | | Female | — | 128 (78%) | 210 (82%) | 62 (83%) | — | — | | CG race (count, %) | 507 | — | — | — | p = .77 (N = 507) | p = .69 (N = 427) | | White | — | 126 (76%) | 194 (74%) | 55 (69%) | — | — | | Black | — | 12 (7%) | 25 (10%) | 6 (7%) | — | — | | More than 1 | — | 6 (4%) | 8 (3%) | 3 (4%) | — | — | | Other | — | 10 (6%) | 11 (4%) | 6 (7%) | — | — | | Unknown | — | 11 (7%) | 24 (9%) | 10 (13%) | — | — | | CG marital status (count, %) | 495 | — | — | — | p = .33 (N = 495) | p = .20 (N = 420) | | Married | — | 122 (74%) | 189 (74%) | 51 (68%) | — | — | | Divorced | — | 19 (12%) | 32 (13%) | 12 (16%) | — | — | | Living with partner | — | 3 (2%) | 11 (4%) | 5 (7%) | — | — | | Separated | — | 8 (5%) | 6 (2%) | 1 (1%) | — | — | | Widowed | — | 10 (6%) | 9 (3.5%) | 3 (4%) | — | — | | Never married | — | 2 (1%) | 9 (3.5%) | 3 (4%) | — | — | | CG education (count, %) | 494 | — | — | — | p = .16 (N = 494) | p = .19 (N = 419) | | Less than HS | — | 3 (2%) | 6 (2%) | 2 (3%) | — | — | | Some HS | — | 6 (4%) | 7 (3%) | 2 (3%) | — | — | | HS graduate/GED | — | 33 (20%) | 52 (20%) | 18 (24%) | — | — | | Vocational school | — | 9 (5%) | 15 (6%) | 10 (13%) | — | — | | Some college | — | 51 (31%) | 71 (28%) | 16 (21%) | — | — | | Associate’s degree | — | 9 (5%) | 37 (15%) | 11 (15%) | — | — | | College degree | — | 36 (22%) | 41 (16%) | 11 (15%) | — | — | | M.S. or doctoral degree | — | 17 (11%) | 26 (10%) | 5 (6%) | — | — | | CG relationship to CR | 507 | — | — | — | p = .01 (N = 507) | p = .08 (N = 427) | | Parent | — | 108 (65%) | 145 (55%) | 49 (61%) | — | — | | Spouse/partner | — | 52 (32%) | 101 (39%) | 21 (26%) | — | — | | Other | — | 5 (3%) | 16 (6) | 10 (13%) | — | — | | CR months since injury (x, SD) | 470 | 48.36 (22.41) | 52.28 (23.89) | 54.75 (28.09) | p = .12 (N = 470) | p = .10 (N = 400) | | Months of caregiving (x, SD) | 471 | 44.82 (22.04) | 47.34 (23.39) | 43.68 (27.75) | p = .40 (N = 471) | p = .28 (N = 401) | | CR total FIM (x, SD) | 497 | 104.68 (28.33) | 109.40 (24.04) | 116.87 (15.56) | p = .00 (N = 497) | p = .07 (N = 418) | | Intensity of CR needs (count, %) | 507 | — | — | — | p = .00 (N = 507) | p = .72 (N = 427) | | ADLs+ | — | 40 (24%) | 72 (27%) | 6 (8%) | — | — | | Only IADs+ | — | 90 (55%) | 140 (54%) | 33 (41%) | — | — | | No help needed with I/ADLs | — | 35 (21%) | 50 (19%) | 41 (51%) | — | — | | CR injury severity (count, %) | 425 | — | — | — | p = .19 (N = 425) | p = .19 (N = 360) | | Fully conscious | — | 13 (9%) | 21 (9%) | 4 (6%) | — | — | | Unconscious ≤ 30 min | — | 15 (11%) | 42 (19%) | 9 (14%) | — | — | | Unconscious ≥ 30 min, ≤1 week | — | 33 (24%) | 50 (23%) | 22 (34%) | — | — | | Unconscious ≥ 1 week | — | 79 (56%) | 107 (49%) | 30 (46%) | — | — | | CG anxiety | 489 | 48.49 (9.21) | 49.73 (10.94) | 47.48 (11.73) | p = .22 (N = 489) | p = .23 (N = 418) | | CG depression | 489 | 46.92 (9.36) | 49.79 (9.87) | 47.14 (11.54) | p = .01 (N = 489) | p = .00 (N = 418) | | CG self-esteem | 486 | 33.65 (4.74) | 32.43 (5.95) | 33.40 (5.58) | p = .07 (N = 486) | p = .03 (N = 416) | | CG subjective burden | 495 | 12.17 (9.73) | 14.49 (10.32) | 5.67 (7.65) | p = .00 (N = 495) | p = .02 (N = 420) |
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Note: percentages based on column total; ADLs: activities of daily living; CG: caregiver; CR: care recipient; FIM: Functional Independence Measure; IADLs: instrumental activities of daily living; Min: minutes.
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