Physical Feature Encoding and Word Recognition Abilities Are Altered in Children with Intractable Epilepsy: Preliminary Neuromagnetic Evidence

Table 1

Characteristics of patients.

Nr.	Demographics			Diagnosis	Side	Epilepsy onset, years	Epilepsy duration years	Pathology	Average spike frequency^b	Antiepileptic drugs^c	Neuropsychological exam							Seizure outcome	F/U duration (mo)
	Age, y	Sex	DH	Epilepsy focus^a							VCI	PRI	WMI	PSI	FSIQ	WJ L-W	WJ Pcomp	Engel’s class
1	13	F	R	Temporal	L	6	7	FCD 2A	17	Lamotrigine, topiramate, clonazepam	79	94	94	103	88	79	76	Class 1	24
2	14	F	R	Frontal, temporal	L	6	8	FCD 1B	33	Levetiracetam, ethosuximide, methosuximide	67	82	52	68	60	65	75	Class 1	28
3	15	M	R	Frontal	L	13	2	FCD 1A	38	Gabapentin, divalproex sodium	93	102	80	70	84	113	104	Class 1	26
4	12	M	R	Occipital, temporal	L	7	7	old ische-mic change	46	Levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, zonisamide	87	67	65	62	65	101	91	Class 1	36
5	12	M	R	Frontal	R	8	4	FCD 2A	0	Topiramate, lamotrigine	71	94	50	78	62	87	67	Class 1	19
6	11	F	R	Temporal, parietal	L	6	5	FCD 2B	100	Levetiracetam, lamotrigine, clonazepam	NT	98	88	88	85	95	99	Class 1	15
7	14	M	R	Frontal, parietal, temporal	R	13	1	NA	14	Oxcarbazepine, gabapentin	NT	NT	NT	NT	NT	89	78	No surgery yet	NA
8	10	M	R	Parietal	L	8	2	FCD 1B	0	Levetiracetam, divalproex sodium	115	102	102	91	105	107	97	Class 1	47
9	17	M	R	Temporal, frontal	L	5	8	FCD 1B	5	Levetiracetam	73	73	71	75	68	93	92	Class 1	19
10	16	F	R	Frontal, temporal	L	7	9	NA	0	Lamotrigine, levetiracetam	NT	NT	NT	NT	NT	105	96	No surgery yet	NA
M; ± SD	13.4 ± 2.2					7.9 ± 2.8	5.3 ± 2.9		25.3 ± 31.2		87.4; ± 16.9	92.7 ± 12.4	76.8 ± 19.2	78.5 ± 14.2	80; ± 16.03	93.4 ± 14.3	87.5; ± 12.5		26.8 ± 10.4
Min	10					5	1		0		67	67	50	62	60	65	67		15
Max	17					13	9		100		115	103	102	103	105	113	104		47

F: female; M: male; R: right; L: left; NT: not tested; NA: not applicable; DH: Dominant Hand; FCD: focal cortical dysplasia; VCI: Verbal Comprehension Index; PRI: Perceptual Reasoning Index; PSI: Processing Speed Index; WMI: Working Memory Index; FSIQ: Full Scale IQ; WJ L-W: Letter-Word Identification; and WJ Pcomp: Passage Comprehension.
^aA major epilepsy focus is marked with a star .
^bNumber of spikes in 40 min of MEG.
^cGiven the night before study (at least 12 h).