Behavioural Neurology
Volume 2015 (2015), Article ID 256196, 13 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/256196
Research Article
Feasibility and Safety of Continuous and Chronic Bilateral Deep Brain Stimulation of the Medial Forebrain Bundle in the Naïve Sprague-Dawley Rat
Laboratory of Stereotaxy and Interventional Neurosciences, Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 64, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
Received 12 January 2015; Accepted 29 March 2015
Academic Editor: Martin Bareš
Copyright © 2015 Luciano L. Furlanetti et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Linked References
- R. J. Anderson, M. A. Frye, O. A. Abulseoud et al., “Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: efficacy, safety and mechanisms of action,” Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 1920–1933, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- T. E. Schlaepfer and K. Lieb, “Deep brain stimulation for treatment of refractory depression,” The Lancet, vol. 366, no. 9495, pp. 1420–1422, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- T. E. Schlaepfer, B. Bewernick, S. Kayser, and D. Lenz, “Modulating affect, cognition, and behavior—prospects of deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders,” Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, vol. 5, article 29, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. S. Taghva, D. A. Malone, and A. R. Rezai, “Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression,” World Neurosurgery, vol. 80, no. 3-4, pp. S27.e17–S27.e24, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- A. Sartorius, K. L. Kiening, P. Kirsch et al., “Remission of major depression under deep brain stimulation of the lateral habenula in a therapy-refractory patient,” Biological Psychiatry, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. e9–e11, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- D. A. Malone Jr., D. D. Dougherty, A. R. Rezai et al., “Deep brain stimulation of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum for treatment-resistant depression,” Biological Psychiatry, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 267–275, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- H. S. Mayberg, A. M. Lozano, V. Voon et al., “Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression,” Neuron, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 651–660, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- H. E. McNeely, H. S. Mayberg, A. M. Lozano, and S. H. Kennedy, “Neuropsychological impact of Cg25 deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: preliminary results over 12 months,” The Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, vol. 196, no. 5, pp. 405–410, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- T. E. Schlaepfer, B. H. Bewernick, S. Kayser, B. Mädler, and V. A. Coenen, “Rapid effects of deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant major depression,” Biological Psychiatry, vol. 73, no. 12, pp. 1204–1212, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- H. S. Mayberg, “Limbic-cortical dysregulation: a proposed model of depression,” Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 471–481, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- V. A. Coenen, J. Panksepp, T. A. Hurwitz, H. Urbach, and B. Mädler, “Human medial forebrain bundle (MFB) and anterior thalamic radiation (ATR): imaging of two major subcortical pathways and the dynamic balance of opposite affects in understanding depression,” Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 223–236, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- G. Paxinos and C. Watson, The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, Academic Press, 6th edition, 2007.
- R. A. Wise, P. Bauco, W. A. Carlezon Jr., and W. Trojniar, “Self-stimulation and drug reward mechanisms,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 654, pp. 192–198, 1992. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Routtenberg and J. Lindy, “Effects of the availability of rewarding septal and hypothalamic stimulation on bar pressing for food under conditions of deprivation,” Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 158–161, 1965. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Routtenberg and A. W. Kuznesof, “Self-starvation of rats living in activity wheels on a restricted feeding schedule,” Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 414–421, 1967. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Routtenberg, “‘Self-starvation’ of rats living in activity wheels: adaptation effects,” Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 234–238, 1968. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Alcaro and J. Panksepp, “The SEEKING mind: primal neuro-affective substrates for appetitive incentive states and their pathological dynamics in addictions and depression,” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 1805–1820, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- V. A. Coenen, T. E. Schlaepfer, B. Maedler, and J. Panksepp, “Cross-species affective functions of the medial forebrain bundle—implications for the treatment of affective pain and depression in humans,” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 1971–1981, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. B. Ranck Jr., “Which elements are excited in electrical stimulation of mammalian central nervous system: a review,” Brain Research, vol. 98, no. 3, pp. 417–440, 1975. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- D. Harnack, C. Winter, W. Meissner, T. Reum, A. Kupsch, and R. Morgenstern, “The effects of electrode material, charge density and stimulation duration on the safety of high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in rats,” Journal of Neuroscience Methods, vol. 138, no. 1-2, pp. 207–216, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- P. Mueller and J. Diamond, “Metabolic rate and environmental productivity: well-provisioned animals evolved to run and idle fast,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 98, no. 22, pp. 12550–12554, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. D. Porsolt, G. Brossard, C. Hautbois, and S. Roux, “Rodent models of depression: forced swimming and tail suspension behavioral despair tests in rats and mice,” in Current Protocols in Neuroscience, J. N. Crawley, Ed., chapter 8, unit 8.10A, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- D. A. Slattery and J. F. Cryan, “Using the rat forced swim test to assess antidepressant-like activity in rodents,” Nature Protocols, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 1009–1014, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. L. Handley and S. Mithani, “Effects of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists in a maze-exploration model of ‘fear’-motivated behaviour,” Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, vol. 327, no. 1, pp. 1–5, 1984. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- K. K. Cordeiro, J. G. Cordeiro, L. L. Furlanetti et al., “Subthalamic nucleus lesion improves cell survival and functional recovery following dopaminergic cell transplantation in parkinsonian rats,” European Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 1474–1484, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. Klein, M. L. Soto-Montenegro, J. Pascau et al., “A novel approach to investigate neuronal network activity patterns affected by deep brain stimulation in rats,” Journal of Psychiatric Research, vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 927–930, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Arvanitogiannis, C. Flores, J. G. Fpfaus, and P. Shizgal, “Increased ipsilateral expression of Fos following lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation,” Brain Research, vol. 720, no. 1-2, pp. 148–154, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- C. Flores, A. Arvanitogiannis, and P. Shizgal, “Fos-like immunoreactivity in forebrain regions following self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus and the ventral tegmental area,” Behavioural Brain Research, vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 239–251, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. J. Russo and E. J. Nestler, “The brain reward circuitry in mood disorders,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 609–625, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- D. Corbett and R. A. Wise, “Intracranial self-stimulation in relation to the ascending dopaminergic systems of the midbrain: a moveable electrode mapping study,” Brain Research, vol. 185, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 1980. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- W. A. Carlezon Jr. and E. H. Chartoff, “Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) in rodents to study the neurobiology of motivation,” Nature Protocols, vol. 2, no. 11, pp. 2987–2995, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- H. Sagara, T. Sendo, and Y. Gomita, “Evaluation of motivational efects induced by intracranial self-stimulation behavior,” Acta Medica Okayama, vol. 64, no. 5, pp. 267–275, 2010. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- E. Rea, J. Rummel, T. T. Schmidt et al., “Anti-anhedonic effect of deep brain stimulation of the prefrontal cortex and the dopaminergic reward system in a genetic rat model of depression: an intracranial self-stimulation paradigm study,” Brain Stimulation, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 21–28, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- L. M. G. Geeraedts, R. Nieuwenhuys, and J. G. Veening, “Medial forebrain bundle of the rat. IV. Cytoarchitecture of the caudal (lateral hypothalamic) part of the medial forebrain bundle bed nucleus,” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 294, no. 4, pp. 537–568, 1990. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- L. M. G. Geeraedts, R. Nieuwenhuys, and J. G. Veening, “Medial forebrain bundle of the rat: III. Cytoarchitecture of the rostral (telencephalic) part of the medial forebrain bundle bed nucleus,” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 294, no. 4, pp. 507–536, 1990. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. Nieuwenhuys, L. M. G. Geeraedts, and J. G. Veening, “The medial forebrain bundle of the rat. I. General introduction,” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 206, no. 1, pp. 49–81, 1982. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. G. Veening, L. W. Swanson, W. M. Cowan, R. Nieuwenhuys, and L. M. Geeraedts, “The medial forebrain bundle of the rat. II. An autoradiographic study of the topography of the major descending and ascending components,” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 206, no. 1, pp. 82–108, 1982. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. Bourdy and M. Barrot, “A new control center for dopaminergic systems: pulling the VTA by the tail,” Trends in Neurosciences, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 681–690, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. F. T. Arnsten and K. Rubia, “Neurobiological circuits regulating attention, cognitive control, motivation, and emotion: disruptions in neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders,” Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 356–367, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. Panksepp, Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA, 1998.
- J. Panksepp, “The basic emotional circuits of mammalian brains: do animals have affective lives?” Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 1791–1804, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. D. Döbrössy, L. L. Furlanetti, and V. A. Coenen, “Electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle in pre-clinical studies of psychiatric disorders,” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, vol. 49, pp. 32–42, 2015. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- G. F. Koob and N. D. Volkow, “Neurocircuitry of addiction,” Neuropsychopharmacology, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 217–238, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- J. Olds, “Self-stimulation experiments,” Science, vol. 140, no. 3563, pp. 219–220, 1963. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. Olds and P. Milner, “Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of the septal area and other regions of rat brain,” Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 419–427, 1954. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. H. Bewernick, S. Kayser, V. Sturm, and T. E. Schlaepfer, “Long-term effects of nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation in treatment-resistant depression: evidence for sustained efficacy,” Neuropsychopharmacology, vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 1975–1985, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. M. Lozano, P. Giacobbe, C. Hamani et al., “A multicenter pilot study of subcallosal cingulate area deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: clinical article,” Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 116, no. 2, pp. 315–322, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- V. A. Coenen, B. Mädler, and T. E. Schlaepfer, “Reply to: Medial forebrain bundle stimulation—speed access to an old or entry into a new depression neurocircuit?” Biological Psychiatry, vol. 74, no. 12, pp. e45–e46, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. Ikemoto and R. A. Wise, “Mapping of chemical trigger zones for reward,” Neuropharmacology, vol. 47, supplement 1, pp. 190–201, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. Ikemoto, “Brain reward circuitry beyond the mesolimbic dopamine system: a neurobiological theory,” Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 129–150, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Friedman, E. Lax, L. Abraham, H. Tischler, and G. Yadid, “Abnormality of VTA local field potential in an animal model of depression was restored by patterned DBS treatment,” European Neuropsychopharmacology, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 64–71, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- C. Nocjar, J. Zhang, P. Feng, and J. Panksepp, “The social defeat animal model of depression shows diminished levels of orexin in mesocortical regions of the dopamine system, and of dynorphin and orexin in the hypothalamus,” Neuroscience, vol. 218, pp. 138–153, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- G. Aston-Jones, R. J. Smith, G. C. Sartor et al., “Lateral hypothalamic orexin/hypocretin neurons: a role in reward-seeking and addiction,” Brain Research, vol. 1314, pp. 74–90, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- T. E. Scammell and C. B. Saper, “Orexin, drugs and motivated behaviors,” Nature Neuroscience, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 1286–1288, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. B. Lassen, J. E. Brown, S. H. Stobbs et al., “Brain stimulation reward is integrated by a network of electrically coupled GABA neurons,” Brain Research, vol. 1156, no. 1, pp. 46–58, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus