Recent Insights on Prevalence and Corelations of Hypoactive Delirium

Table 1

HD in anesthesia and cardiac surgery.

Study	,; mean age in years	Diagnosis of delirium	Subtyping	Summary of findings
Ceriana et al., 2010 [23] (step-down unit)	18,; 74.7	CAM-ICU, ICDSC	Criteria used by Panharipande et al.	61.1% HD
Stransky et al., 2011 [24]; (cardiac surgery)	54,; 71.1 mean age for HD patients	CAM -ICU, ICDSC	RASS	HD 77.8%; Comparisons were made between HD patients and nondelirious subjects. Higher hemoglobin before surgery was associated with a lower prevalence of HD. HD was an independent predictor for prolonged mechanical ventilation time and ICU stay. A history of depression, duration of aortic clamping, the use of extracorporeal circulation, and preoperative medication with diuretics were predictors of HD after cardiac surgery whereas medication with b-blockers was associated with a significant lower prevalence of HD
Shaughnessy, 2013 [25] (cardiothoracic critical care unit)	23,; age not available	CAM-ICU	RASS	73.9% HD
McPherson et al., 2013 [26] (cardiovascular ICU)	53,; mean age not available	CAM-ICU	RASS	HD 91%; In most cases the duration of delirium was less than 1 day; Benzodiazepine use at admission was independently predictive of a 3-fold increased risk of an episode of delirium
Card et al., 2014 [27]; (anesthesia)	124,; 57	CAM-ICU	RASS	HD 56% at admission; 92% during stay in the PACU; High opioid doses contributed to additional sedation, thus potentially contributing to HD features

CAM-ICU: Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit.
RASS: Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale.
PACU: Postanesthesia Care Unit.
ICDSC: Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist.
HD: hypoactive delirium.
ICU: Intensive Care Unit.