Recent Insights on Prevalence and Corelations of Hypoactive Delirium

Table 7

HD in other wards.

Study	, mean age in years	Diagnosis of delirium	Subtyping	Summary of findings
Yang et al. 2009 [54] (postacute care)	441,; 84.1	CAM, MDAS, MMSE	DSI	46.7 HD; Increased mortality was found in the hypoactive-severe and hyperactive-severe classes in the nondementia patient group and also in the hypoactive-severe class in the dementia group
Han et al., 2009 [55] (emergency department)	25,; 80 (median age)	CAM-ICU	RASS	92% HD; Most (78.3%) HD cases were not recognized by emergency physicians
Scheffer et al., 2011 [56] (hip fracture and medical patients)	41 patients with hip fracture (mean age 86.7); 56 medical patients (mean age 82.1)	CAM; DOS scale, DRS-R-98	DSI	14.3% HD (data from 56 patients)
Rice et al., 2011 [57] (several hospital wards)	12,; 80.1	CAM, MMSE	Liptzin and Levkoff criteria	83% HD. Most HD patients were admitted to the hip-fracture service
DeCrane et al., 2011 [58] (long-term facilities)	70,; 89.9	CAM, MMSE, CAC-A, NEECHAM confusion scale	CAC-A	47.1% HD; Pulmonary disorders were the leading underlying cause of death in the hypoactive subgroup; No differences in survival among subtypes
Chong et al., 2013 [59] (geriatric monitoring unit)	228,; 84.2	CAM, DRS, MMSE	Not specified	18.4% HD; Rates of dementia were not different among delirium subtypes. Patients with HD and mixed type had more comorbidities than hyperactive patients; There were benefits of bright light therapy as part of a multicomponent delirium management program for all patients
Meagher et al., 2014 [60] (palliative care, adult and old age C-L psychiatry services)	375; Mean age not available	DRS-R-98	DMSS	32% HD in palliative care; 21% HD in old age C-L psychiatry; 6% HD in general C-L psychiatry

CAC-A: Clinical Assessment of Confusion.
CAM: Confusion Assessment Method.
CAM-ICU: CAM for Intensive Care Unit.
RASS: Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale.
DOS scale: Delirium Observation Screening scale.
DRS: Delirium Rating Scale.
DRS-R-98: Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98.
DMSS: Delirium Motor Subtype Scale.
DSI: Delirium Symptom Interview.
MDAS: Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale.
MMSE: Minimental State Examination.