The Influence of Music on Prefrontal Cortex during Episodic Encoding and Retrieval of Verbal Information: A Multichannel fNIRS Study

Figure 1

Representation of one encoding-interference-retrieval block between two 30 s rest blocks. Each block consisted of 15 s of context (+ on the screen) alone (music or silence in the earphones), then 45 s of context and word encoding (with either background music or silence), and then again 15 s of context (+) alone. After 30 seconds of interference phase (counting), subjects were asked to search for previously encoded words (search for, with either background music or silence, 15 s) and then to recall as many words as they could (free recall, 30 s).