Clinical Study

The Short-Term Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Electroencephalography in Children with Autism: A Randomized Crossover Controlled Trial

Table 3

Means and standard deviations of the autism treatment evaluation checklist (ATEC) scale scores at each assessment point for active and sham conditions.

Autism treatment evaluation checklistActiveSham value

(I) Language scale
 Baseline10.80 ± 5.4910.90 ± 4.610.951
 Immediately after treatment10.05 ± 4.3610.85 ± 4.280.562
 24 hours after treatment9.80 ± 4.2310.95 ± 4.520.411
 48 hours after treatment10.25 ± 5.0910.55 ± 4.200.840
 72 hours after treatment9.85 ± 4.7310.35 ± 4.210.726
 7 days after treatment10.75 ± 5.1510.95 ± 5.030.902
(II) Social scale
 Baseline17.00 ± 4.4117.55 ± 2.760.639
 Immediately after treatment16.90 ± 3.4917.40 ± 3.630.660
 24 hours after treatment15.85 ± 4.2816.60 ± 4.410.588
 48 hours after treatment15.70 ± 3.7716.55 ± 3.580.469
 72 hours after treatment15.60 ± 5.3417.10 ± 3.390.296
 7 days after treatment14.55 ± 4.9817.80 ± 3.110.018
(III) Sensory and cognitive awareness scale
 Baseline 20.50 ± 4.2221.50 ± 3.400.414
 Immediately after treatment20.10 ± 4.6020.60 ± 4.850.740
 24 hours after treatment20.20 ± 4.3620.55 ± 4.570.806
 48 hours after treatment20.00 ± 5.4020.30 ± 4.640.851
 72 hours after treatment20.45 ± 4.0221.05 ± 4.290.650
 7 days after treatment21.10 ± 4.8921.90 ± 4.440.591
(IV) Health and behavioral problems scale
 Baseline20.70 ± 8.2520.75 ± 7.220.984
 Immediately after treatment18.50 ± 7.3420.70 ± 6.590.325
 24 hours after treatment18.10 ± 7.9120.70 ± 6.480.263
 48 hours after treatment17.65 ± 9.0020.05 ± 8.300.386
 72 hours after treatment17.00 ± 7.2819.60 ± 6.370.237
 7 days after treatment15.30 ± 6.4519.50 ± 6.320.044
(V) Total ATEC score
 Baseline69.00 ± 10.4870.70 ± 9.220.589
 Immediately after treatment65.55 ± 9.9469.55 ± 10.410.222
 24 hours after treatment63.95 ± 10.5368.80 ± 10.350.150
 48 hours after treatment63.60 ± 10.9667.45 ± 9.950.252
 72 hours after treatment62.90 ± 8.6568.10 ± 7.910.054
 7 days after treatment61.70 ± 6.7070.15 ± 8.830.002††

Data are presented as mean ± S.D.
Significant differences between the two conditions indicated by ; .