Dream Recall Frequencies and Dream Content in Wilson’s Disease with and without REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder: A Neurooneirologic Study
Table 1
Cognitive, affective, and sleep characteristics in patients with Wilson’s disease versus healthy controls and in WD with RBD versus WD without RBD (mean ± SD).
Wilson’s disease
Wilson’s disease without RBD
Wilson’s disease with RBD
Healthy controls
All WD versus HC
WD + RBD versus WD − RBD
Female/male
17/21
13/21
4/0
17/24
ns
0.019
Age [yrs]
34.84 ± 9.42
35.35 ± 9.48
30.50 ± 8.81
34.32 ± 10.18
ns
ns
Severity of Wilson’s disease, UWDRS [0–320]
68.82 ± 41.12
69.91 ± 42.11
59.50 ± 34.84
—
ns
Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination [0–100]
84.00 ± 10.53
83.53 ± 10.99
88.00 ± 3.83
91.12 ± 5.52
<0.001
ns
ACE-R1: attention/orientation [0–18]
16.74 ± 1.75
16.71 ± 1.84
17.00 ± 0.82
17.20 ± 1.21
ns
ns
ACE-R2: memory [0–26]
20.90 ± 3.85
20.74 ± 3.96
22.25 ± 2.75
22.61 ± 2.93
0.028
ns
ACE-R3: verbal fluency [0–14]
8.68 ± 3.31
8.41 ± 3.33
11.00 ± 2.16
11.37 ± 1.89
<0.001
ns
ACE-R4: language [0–26]
24.63 ± 1.82
24.53 ± 1.90
25.50 ± 0.58
24.93 ± 1.86
ns
ns
ACE-R5: visuospatial abilities [0–16]
13.05 ± 2.92
13.15 ± 2.95
12.25 ± 2.99
15.02 ± 1.24
<0.001
ns
Beck Depression Inventory [0–63]
10.66 ± 9.71
10.09 ± 9.55
15.50 ± 11.21
5.44 ± 4.28
0.004
ns
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [0–21]
6.76 ± 4.55
6.47 ± 4.61
9.25 ± 3.59
4.61 ± 2.57
0.013
ns
ACE-R1–5: Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination subscore from 1 to 5; HC: healthy controls; RBD: REM sleep behaviour disorder; UWDRS: Unified Wilson’s Disease Rating Scale; WD: Wilson’s disease; WD + RBD: Wilson’s disease with REM sleep behaviour disorder; WD – RBD: Wilson’s disease without REM sleep behaviour disorder.
