Dream Recall Frequencies and Dream Content in Wilson’s Disease with and without REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder: A Neurooneirologic Study

Table 3

Self-rated dream emotions and dream content analysis by external judge; Wilson’s disease versus healthy controls (mean ± SD and percentages).

	Wilson’s disease	Healthy controls	All WD versus HC
Female/male	12/14	15/20	ns
Dream reports per participant []	4.31 ± 2.06	4.17 ± 2.26	ns
Word count per dream report []	74.52 ± 69.27	98.30 ± 61.41	0.006
Bizarreness [0–3]	0.65 ± 0.98	0.91 ± 1.10	ns^1
Positive emotions (self-rating) [0–3]	1.31 ± 1.26	1.48 ± 1.09	ns^1
Negative emotions (self-rating) [0–3]	1.21 ± 1.27	1.31 ± 1.06	ns^1
Positive emotions (external judge) [0–3]	0.49 ± 0.89	0.51 ± 0.90	—^2
Negative emotions (external judge) [0–3]	0.73 ± 1.07	0.70 ± 1.03	ns^1
Number of characters []	1.55 ± 1.44	2.03 ± 1.60	ns^1
Number of male persons []	0.59 ± 0.89	0.81 ± 1.01	ns^1
Number of female persons []	0.71 ± 0.82	0.64 ± 0.86	ns^1
Verbal interaction [y/n]	49.11%	52.74%	ns^1
Physical interaction [y/n]	14.29%	21.92%	ns^1
Health-related topics [y/n	5.36%	2.74%	ns^1
Professional environment [y/n]	7.14%	10.96%	ns^1
Leisure [y/n]	48.21%	54.79%	ns^1
Problems [0–2]	0.41 ± 0.64	0.53 ± 0.68	ns^1
Movements of legs [y/n]	25.00%	35.62%	ns^1
Movements of arms [y/n]	18.75%	26.71%	ns^1
Reference to legs or arms [y/n]	5.36%	2.74%	ns^1
Physical activity [y/n]	15.18%	14.38%	ns^1
Restriction of movements [y/n]	1.79%	3.42%	ns^1
Verbal and physical aggression towards dream ego [y/n]	9.82%	8.22%	ns^1
Aggression, total [y/n]	15.18%	10.96%	ns^1

Notes. ¹Group effect, word count was included as covariate. ²Algorithm did not converge.
HC: healthy controls; WD: Wilson’s disease.