Cognitive Impairment in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Very Mild Clinical Disability

Figure 2

Cognitive performance pattern (z-score mean and 95% confidence interval) in the EDSS subgroups (closed circles for no disability; asterisk for very mild disability), compared to healthy controls (mean set at 0, with grey band indicating 95% confidence interval). All raw scores, for each scale, were transformed into z-scores using the mean and the standard deviation (SD) of healthy controls. CVLT TL: California Verbal Learning Test total learning; CVLT LTM: CVLT long-term memory; BVMT TL: Brief Visuospatial Memory Test total learning; BVMT LTM: BVMT long-term memory; SDMT: Symbol Digit Modalities Test; PASAT 3″ and 2″: Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test; JLO: Judgment of Line Orientation; DKEFS CS: Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System sorting test correct sort; DEKEFS DS: DEKEFS description score; COWAT: Controlled Oral Word Association Test. Post hoc comparisons: ; .