Research Article
Apathy Is Correlated with Widespread Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) Impairment in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Table 1
Detailed patients and controls characteristics of the patients included in the study.
| | Parameters | ALS patients mean (SD) () | Controls mean (SD) () | (<.05) |
| | Demographic and clinical measures | | Age | 58.4 (9.83) | 57.5 (9.03) | .77 | | Male/female | 13/8 | 9/10 | .35 | | Education | 11.3 (4.6) | 11.53 (3.94) | .87 | | Disease duration (months) | 18.71 (11.1) | — | | | Disease progression rate | .035 (.037) | — | | | ALSFRS-R score | 41.3 (3.5) | — | | | UMN score | 6.1 (4.5) | — | | | Neuropsychological parameters | | MMSE | 28.9 (1.4) | 29.72 (1.18) | .06 | | Digit span test: forward | 5.2 (1.5) | 5.53 (1.01) | .4 | | Digit span test: backward | 4.2 (1.3) | 4.59 (.8) | .4 | | Token | 33.9 (2.08) | 35 (1.2) | .07 | | Memory prose | 12.7 (2.96) | 14.3 (2.1) | .06 | | RCPM | 27.1 (4.2) | 30 (2.82) | .08 | | Visual discrimination of scrawls | 30.4 (1.5) | 30.4 (1.3) | .96 | | SEF | .3 (.7) | .18 (.53) | .52 | | Neurobehavioral variables | | S-AES total score | 27.3 (6.7) | 25.8 (5.28) | .47 | | Cognitive factor | 12.3 (4.3) | 11.5 (2.5) | .51 | | Behavioral factor | 6.9 (1.3) | 6.5 (1.5) | .4 | | Emotional factor | 3.4 (1.18) | 2.8 (.7) | .09 | | Other factors | 4.6 (1.27) | 4.9 (1.4) | .5 | | I-AES total score | 28.6 (7.3) | 29.4 (6.3) | .77 | | Cognitive factor | 12.8 (3.6) | 13 (2.7) | .9 | | Behavioral factor | 7.2 (1.8) | 7.6 (2.7) | .64 | | Emotional factor | 3.5 (1.4) | 3.5 (1.5) | .9 | | Other factors | 5 (1.6) | 5.2 (1.9) | .78 | | FrSBe (patient form, total T-score) | 49.2 (7.8) | — | — | | FrSBe (caregiver form, total T-score) | 57.1 (8.7) | — | — | | FrSBe (patient form, apathy T-score) | 47.9 (9.4) | — | — | | FrSBe (caregiver form, apathy T-score) | 58.1 (10.8) | — | — | | BDI-II | 11.6 (5.9) | 10.18 (8.04) | .57 |
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ALSFRS-R = Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised; S-, I-AES = self-rated, informant-rated Apathy Evaluation Scale; BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory II; FrSBe = Frontal Systems Behavior; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; RCPM = Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices; SEF = Stroop Executive Factor; UMN = Upper Motor Neuron.
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