Behavioural Neurology

Research Article

Longitudinal Screening Detects Cognitive Stability and Behavioral Deterioration in ALS Patients

Table 2

Change over time: comparison of baseline and follow-up scores in 134 participants with longitudinal data, using GLM-GEE procedures, controlling for age, sex, duration of symptoms, education, race, and ethnicity (adjusted means and standard errors).


	Baseline mean (SE)	Follow-up mean (SE)	Fixed effects for interval
	Baseline mean (SE)	Follow-up mean (SE)	Wald chi-square value	value

ALSFRS	38.5 (39.1)	27.6 (39.1)	240.27	<0.001^⊥
FVC%	86.7 (95.0)	64.5 (94.7)	114.13	<0.001^⊥
ALS CBS cognitive score	15.6 (9.8)	15.4 (9.8)	0.82	0.450
ALS CBS behavioral score	37.5 (31.0)	35.5 (30.9)	15.16	<0.001^⊥
Verbal Fluency Index (-score converted)	−0.159 (3.79)	0.063 (3.74)	1.51	0.252
FBI negative scale	3.2 (20.3)	4.1 (20.2)	2.63	0.090
FBI disinhibition	1.46 (13.3)	2.01 (13.2)	4.07	0.044
CNS lability score	12.2 (20.2)	11.9 (20.2)	0.78	0.378

Decline in CBS behavioral score correlates with ALSFRS-R (). Decline in VFI score correlates with ALSFRS-R (). Decline in CNS-LS score correlates with ALSFRS-R () and FVC (). ^⊥Significant at the Bonferroni-adjusted alpha level of 0.007.