Longitudinal Screening Detects Cognitive Stability and Behavioral Deterioration in ALS Patients

Table 4

Change in scores over time across diagnostic groups, defined by baseline ALS-CBS behavioral scores, controlling for age, sex, time from illness onset to baseline testing, and time between assessments (GLM ANCOVA, adjusted means, and standard errors are presented).

Cognitive and behavioral screens	Change scores across diagnostic subgroups (behavioral)						ANCOVA		Pairwise
	1; Normal		2; Mild		3; Moderate
	MN	SE	MN	SE	MN	SE
	ALS-CBS cognition	−0.23	0.313	−0.31	0.917	0.46	0.823	0.32	0.729	None
ALS-CBS behavior	−2.21	0.60	−3.00	1.71	−0.26	1.47	0.93	0.400	None
FBI negative	−0.79	0.59	−0.17	1.71	−1.96	1.52	0.35	0.708	None
FBI disinhibition	−0.37	0.274	−0.76	0.793	−2.80	0.706	5.01	0.008^⊥	1 vs. 3
CNS-Lability Scale	0.46	0.42	−0.55	1.18	−0.22	1.02	0.45	0.640	None

Diagnostic subgroups were determined based on baseline ALS CBS scores on the behavioral screen [7]. Normal: no significant behavioral impairment; mild: suspicion of mild behavioral impairment; moderate: suspicion of moderate-severe behavioral impairment, raising suspicion for dementia. ^⊥Significant at Bonferroni-adjusted alpha level of 0.01.