Clinical Study

Practice Variability Combined with Task-Oriented Electromyographic Biofeedback Enhances Strength and Balance in People with Chronic Stroke

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants in the three groups.

Control
()
Constant
()
Variable
()

Age (years)56.1 ± 9.0 (42–66)55.5 ± 12.4 (29–74)48.6 ± 12.6 (26–68)0.26
Gender (M/F)7/29/410/10.49
Height (cm)167.3 ± 5.9 (158–175)164.8 ± 9.0 (148–178)166.9 ± 6.6 (153–175)0.68
Weight (kg)60.9 ± 7.0 (45–68)64.9 ± 12.0 (46–85)66.7 ± 11.9 (51–88)0.49
Time since stroke (month)14.8 ± 8.7 (4–28)15.85 ± 11.1 (4–42)11.6 ± 10.7 (3–41)0.60
Severity (Br.)4.7 ± 0.5 (4-5)4.5 ± 0.7 (3–5)4.6 ± 0.7 (3–5)0.70
Affected side (R/L)4/57/79/20.22
Affected ankle range of motion69.48 ± 9.44 (51.67–83)66.13 ± 14.04 (42.67–84.67)73.73 ± 16.02 (54.33–101)0.62

Values are mean ± standard deviation (range). Abbreviations: M/F: male/female; Br.: Brunnstrom stage of lower extremity; R/L: right/left.