Improving Cognitive Function after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Clinical Trial on the Potential Use of the Semi-Immersive Virtual Reality
Table 4
Post hoc analysis of clinical scores between baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1), for both the Virtual Reality Training Group (VRTG) and the Traditional Cognitive Rehabilitation Group (TCRG).
Clinical assessment
VRTG
value
TCRG
value
T0
T1
T0
T1
MoCA
23.0 (21.25–24.7)
27.0 (26.0–28.0)
<0.001
23.0 (20.0-24.7)
24.0 (22.0-25.7)
<0.001
HRS-D
10.0 (6–13.7)
5.0 (3.0–7.0)
<0.001
12.0 (7.25-13.0)
10.0 (6.25-12.0)
<0.001
HRS-A
10.0 (4.25–13.7)
6.0 (1.0–8.7)
<0.001
9.0 (5.25-11.7)
7.0 (5.0-10.0)
<0.001
TMT-A
67.5 (55.25-100)
57.0 (35.0–88.0)
<0.001
79.5 (57.25-168.0)
74.5 (55.0-160.75)
<0.001
TMT-B
201.5 (130.2–274.0)
145.5 (92.0–200.0)
<0.001
179.0 (140.0-246.5)
174.0 (140.0-237.5)
<0.001
TMT B-A
95.5 (57.5–161.0)
82.5 (40.0–115.5)
<0.001
82.0 (65.0-160.5)
80.5 (62.5-155.0)
0.4
VS
34.0 (26.0–43.7)
42.7 (36.8–47.2)
<0.001
33.6 (25.1-43.7)
36.8 (27.1-46.2)
0.002
FAB
14.4 (11.1–15.9)
17.2 (15.2–18.0)
<0.001
13.6 (13.0-16.3)
14.9 (14.0-16.4)
<0.001
WEIGL
8.1 (6.3–9.2)
12.1 (10.1–14.0)
<0.001
7.2 (4.7-10.7)
8.2 (5.8-11.5)
<0.001
Scores are in median (first-third quartile); significant differences are in bold. Legend: FAB: Frontal Assessment Battery; HRS-A: Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety; HRS-D: Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; TMT-A: Trail Making Test—Form A; TMT-B: Trail Making Test—Form B; TMT B-A: Trail Making Test—Form B-A; VS: Visual Search; WEIGL: Weigl Test.
