Neuropsychological and Emotional Functioning in Patients with Cushing’s Syndrome

Table 1

Demographic, biochemical, and treatment details for Cushing’s disease at the time of neurocognitive evaluation.

	Participants
	Demographic information
Females (, %)	15 (83%)
Ethnicity (, %)
Caucasian	13 (72%)
African-American	5 (28%)
Mean age at examination (SD)	41.6 (10.6)
Range	25-70
Mean years of education (SD)	14.8 (2.7)
Range	10 - 18
IQ scaled score (SD)	104 (11)
Biochemical information^
Active Cushing’s syndrome	11 (61%)
Biochemical remission	7 (39%)
Taking hydrocortisone replacement	3 (16.6%)
Treatment information
No treatment	10 (55.5%)
Surgery alone	3 (16.6%)
Surgery followed by radiation (n, %)	4 (22%)
Pituitary radiation alone	1 (5.5%)
Median time from last treatment in months	38
Range	3-192

Note. Intelligence was estimated using a validated measure of word reading and adjusted based on demographic information, including age, gender, ethnicity, and level of education [29]. ^Biochemical remission was defined as patients with either low or normal levels of cortisol, whereas patients with high levels of cortisol were categorized into the active Cushing’s category. Patients with low cortisol as a result of pituitary or adrenal surgery were receiving hydrocortisone replacement. Of the 5 patients who had radiation, 3 had stereotactic radiosurgery and 2 fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery.