The Effectiveness of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Paradigms as Treatment Options for Recovery of Language Deficits in Chronic Poststroke Aphasia

Table 7

Short-term (one day posttreatment) and long-term (two months posttreatment) effects of 1 Hz rTMS on narration outcomes (i.e., functional communication) for participant 6.

Category	Participant 6
Lexical selection	Pre-TMS 1	Pre-TMS 2	Baseline	Post-TMS	Follow-up
Closed class	22	30	26.00	41	41
Nouns	17	26	21.50	27	24
Adjectives	3	3	3.00	10	12
Prepositions	6	6	6.00	8	13
Adverbs	3	3	3.00	3	2
Pronouns	4	5	4.50	4	3
Verbs	14	21	17.50	23	22
Sentence productivity
MLU	6.56	6.00	6.28	9.67	8.83
Elaboration index	3.33	2.93	3.13	4.17	1.83
Embedding index	0.5	0.38	0.44	0.92	0.85
Discourse productivity
Narrative words	69	94	81.5	116	117
Grammatical accuracy
Prop of S with V	9	15	12	11	12
Prop of U w/o V	1	1	1	1	1
Prop of single word U	0	0	0	0	0
Prop of well-formed U	0.89	0.93	0.91	0.73	0.83
AUX complexity index	1.11	1.07	1.09	1.00	1.00
Error types
Phonological	4	0	2.00	0	0
Morphosyntactic	3	0	1.50	1	2
Semantic	0	3	1.50	0	4
Lexical	1	2	1.50	2	2
Neologisms	0	0	0.00	0	0
Circumlocution	0	0	0.00	1	0
Phonological %	0.06	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00
Morphosyntactic %	0.04	0.00	0.02	0.01	0.02
Semantic %	0.00	0.03	0.02	0.00	0.03
Lexical %	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
Neologisms %	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Circumlocution %	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00
All errors %	0.12	0.05	0.08	0.03	0.07

Key: prop: proportion; s: sentences; V: verbs; U: utterances; w/o: without.