Music is one of the most primary abilities of human. The first case of aphasia was reported by P. Broca in 1861. This report was regarded as the beginning of the neuroscience. The first case of amusia, which meant the impairment of musical ability due to the brain damage, was reported only several years after Broca’s report. Since then, case studies were the main strategy to investigate human brain functions for a long time. Compared to remarkable progression of the study about language, music processing in the brain still remains to be clarified. But over the last few decades, a considerable number of studies have been made on this issue, especially using the neuroimaging techniques. Now is the time to overview and integrate the findings of amusic case and neuroimaging studies and propose the possible application in clinical situations.

This special issue is planned to show the current scientific achievements of neuroscience of music. These findings will reveal to us the right way to go in the future, including basic neuroscience, clinical neurology, and music therapy. I am looking forward to a lot of contribution of many authors in various fields.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

• PET activation studies of music processing: review
• fMRI studies of music processing: review
• MEG studies of music processing: review
• Musician’s dystonia/tremor of musicians
• Music therapy for patients with Parkinson’s disease
• Music therapy for patients with dementia: review
• Music therapy for stroke patients
• Amusia (acquired) and music processing: review