Review Article
Acetylcholinesterase Biosensors for Electrochemical Detection of Organophosphorus Compounds: A Review
Table 3
OP biosensors based on conducting polymer immobilized AChE.
| Mode of detection | Transducer | Enzyme immobilization method | Minimum detection limit | Linearity | Substrate/enzyme inhibitor | Time of incubation (min) | Storage stability (days) | Reference |
| Amperometric | Polyacrylamide/pH electrode | Crosslinking | 3.62 × 103 μM | NR | Dichlorvos | 30 | 50 | [31] |
| Potentiometric | PEI/GCE | Covalent Bonding | 1.0 μM | NR | Dichlorvos | 10 | NR | [41] |
| Amperometric | PEI/SPE | Non Covalent Bonding | 1.0 × 10−4 μM | NR | Dichlorvos | 2 | NR | [42] |
| Amperometric | Mercaptobenzothiazole/ PANI/Au electrode | Adsorption | 0.48 × 10−3 μM 0.61 × 10−3 μM | NR | DiazinoFenthion | 20 | NR | [43] |
| Electrochemical | PANI/CNT ssDNA/Au electrode | Covalent Bonding | 1.0 × 10−6 μM | 1.0 × 10−5 and 1.0 μM | Methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos | 15 | 5 | [44] |
| Electrochemical | AuNPs-PPy nanowires GCE | Entrapment | 7.5 × 10−3 μM | 0.018–0.45 and 1.89–17.0 μM | Methyl parathion | 12 | 30 | [45] |
| Amperometric | PPY-PANI/MWCNTs/GCE | Adsorption | 3.02 × 10−3 μM | 0.030–1.51 and 3.027–75.67 μM | Malathion | 15 | 30 | [46] |
| Amperometric | SF/MWNTs/GCE | Adsorption | 5.0 × 10−7 M, 6.0 × 10−8 M | 3.5 × 10−6 to 2.0 × 10−3 M, 1.0 × 10−7 to 3.0 × 10−5 M | Methyl parathion, carbaryl | 10 | 4 weeks | [47] |
| Amperometric | CS/ALB/GCE | Encapsulation | 8 μg/L | 0.25–1.50 and 1.75–10.00 | OP pesticides | 10 | 15 | [48] |
| Amperometric | PB/GCE | Crosslinking | 2.5 ng L−1 for dichlorvos, 15 ng L−1 for omethoate, 5 ng L−1 for trichlorfon, and 10 ng L−1 forphoxim. | 10 ng L−1–1 ng L−1 for dichlorvos | Dichlorvos, omethoate, tricholorfon, phoxim | 10 | | [49] |
| Voltammetric | GnPs/Chitosan/GCE | Covalent Bonding | 1.58 × 10−10 M | NR | Cholropyrifos | 10 | 10 | [50] |
| Potentiometric | Polymeric enzyme electrode | Entrapment | 0–10 ppb | NR | OP pesticides | 2 | NR | [51] |
| Electrochemical | ZrO2-SPE | Screen printing | 0.02 nM | 0.05 nM to 10 nM | OP compound | 40 | NR | [52] |
| Amperometric | Au-PDDA-PB matrix | Covalent Bonding | 0.8 pg/mL | 1.0–1000 pg/mL and 1.0–10 ng/mL | Monocrotophos | 10 | 30 | [53] |
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Note: NR: not reported.
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