Microbial Tyrosinases: Promising Enzymes for Pharmaceutical, Food Bioprocessing, and Environmental Industry

Table 1

Biochemical properties of tyrosinase.

Sources	MW kDa/Da	Optimum temperature	Optimum pH	pI	kM (mM)	Specific activity	References
Aeromonas media	58000	50°C	8.0	4.9	0.64	34 µmol/min/mg	[55]
Beta vulgaris	41000	25°C	6.0	NR	0.067	NR	[56]
Lentinula boryana	20, 27, 47	50°C	6.0	NR	1.9 (L-DOPA)	NR	[14]
Neurospora crassa	46	NR	5.0	NR	0.18	540 µmol/min/mg	[9]
Agaricus bisporus	112800	25°C	7.0	4.75	0.36 (L-tyrosine)	8300 µmol/min/mg	[57]
Lentinula edodes	70, 105	NR	6.5	4.3	0.85 (L-DOPA)	NR	[11]
Aspergillus oryzae	67	5.0–6.0	NR	NR	NR	NR	[58]
Pycnoporus sanguineus	45000	25°C	6.5	4.55	0.9 (L-DOPA)	3.2 µmol/min/mg	[13]
Trichoderma reesei	43.2	30°C	9.0	9.5	7.5 (L-DOPA)	NR	[47]
Streptomyces glaucescens	3.09	NR	NR	NR	0.41 (L-tyrosine)		[59]
Aspergillus nidulans	50.48	NR	7.0	NR	NR	NR	[60]
Bacillus megaterium	31000; 35000	50°C	7.0	NR	0.075 (L-tyrosine); 0.35 (L-DOPA)	NR	[41]
Bacillus thuringiensis	NR	75°C	9.0	NR	0.563 (L-tyrosine); 0.768 (L-DOPA)	NR	[61]
Streptomyces sp.	32000	35°C	7.0	NR	1.25 (L-tyrosine); 4.14 (L-DOPA)	130 µmol/min/mg	[62]
Pseudomonas putida	36000; 39000	30°C	7.0	NR	0.23 (L-tyrosine); 0.33 (L-DOPA)	0.375 µmol/min/mg	[20]

NR: not reported; DOPA: dihydroxyphenylalanine.