Animal Models of Osteochondral Defect for Testing Biomaterials

Table 4

Examples of studies using dog osteochondral defect models.

Authors	Age	Defect size (diameter × depth)	Location	Endpoint	Material tested
Lv and Yu [59]	12 months	6 mm × 12 mm	The right knee joint	12 and 24 weeks	Nano-β-TCP/Col I/Col II/BMSCs
McCarty et al. [60]	—	4.5 mm × 10 mm	The medial femoral condyle	12 months	Osteochondral allograft
Salkeld et al. [61]	1.6 years	6 mm × 11 mm	The medial femoral condyle and medial tibial plateau surfaces	12, 24, and 52 weeks	Pyrolytic carbon scaffold and Co-Cr alloy scaffold
Yamazoe et al. [62]	1–3 years	5 mm × 4.5 mm	The femoral condyles	2, 4, and 10 weeks	Atelocollagen gel/MSCs