Can Transthoracic Echocardiography Be Used to Predict Fluid Responsiveness in the Critically Ill Patient? A Systematic Review

Table 2

Characteristics of studies selected.

Study	Technique	Patient group	Selection	Ventilation	Rhythm	Volume and type	Time (min)	Response criteria
Barbier et al. [17]	IVC DI	Mixed ICU	Shock (sepsis) and acute lung injury	All mand	Any	7 mL/kg colloid	30	>15% CO TTE
Feissel et al. [18]	Δ𝐷IVC	Medical ICU	Shock (sepsis)	All mand	Any	8 mL/kg colloid	20	>15% CO TTE
Lamia et al. [14]	PLR	Medical ICU	Shock (sepsis or hypovolaemia)	All spont	Regular SR, or AF	500 mL crystalloid	15	>15% SV TTE
Maizel et al. [13]	PLR	Mixed ICU	Shock (unspecified)	All spont	Regular SR	500 mL crystalloid	15	>12% CO TTE
Biais et al. [15]	PLR	Surgical ICU	Shock (sepsis or haemorrhage)	All spont	Any	500 crystalloid	15	>15% SV TTE
Biais wt al. [19]	SVV	Surgical ICU	Post-operative (liver surgery)	All mand	Regular SR	20 mL/kg/m^2 colloid	20	>15% CO TTE
Thiel et al. [16]	PLR	Medical ICU	Shock (unspecified)	Mixed	Any	500 mL crystalloid or colloid	Unspec	>15% SV TTE
Préau et al. [12]	PLR	Medical ICU	Shock (sepsis or acute pancreatitis)	All spont	Regular SR	500 mL colloid	<30	>15% SV TTE

Selection: inclusion criteria summary, PLR: passive leg raising, spont: spontaneous respiratory effort whether or not on mechanical ventilation, mand: ventilator giving mandatory breaths only and patient fully adapted to ventilator, SR: sinus rhythm, AF: atrial fibrillation, TTE: transthoracic echocardiography, SV: stroke volume, CO: cardiac output, Δ𝐷_IVC change in IVC diameter adjusted by the mean (see text), IVC DI: IVC distensibility index (see text), and unspec: unspecified time.