Risk Factors for Development of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Table 5

Sensitivity analysis.

Risk factor	Number of studies excluded	Odds ratio or mean difference* (95% CI)	𝑃 value for interaction	Inconsistency 𝐼^2
Age	9	4.95 [3.79, 6.12]	0.69	80%
Diabetes	4	1.58 [1.36, 1.84]	0.74	36%
Hypertension	4	1.43 [1.08, 1.89]	0.39	73%
Baseline creatinine*	3	0.14 [0.01, 0.27]	0.50	94%
Heart failure	2	2.05 [1.77, 2.38]	0.73	27%
Sepsis/SIRS	1	4.15 [2.36, 7.32]	0.72	83%
Nephrotoxic drugs	1	1.53 [1.09, 2.14]	0.97	52%
Severity of disease*	4	9.08 [4.57, 13.60]	0.43	94%
Hypotension/shock	1	3.33 [1.70, 6.52]	0.76	84%
Pressors/inotropes	2	4.52 [2.03, 10.05]	0.92	92%
High risk surgery/emergency surgery	2	2.34 [1.23, 4.49]	0.99	92%
Cardiopulmonary bypass time*	3	30.46 [23.41, 37.51]	0.74	59%
IABP	3	3.76 [2.54, 5.57]	0.64	78%

CI: confidence interval, SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, IABP: intra-aortic balloon pump.