Review Article
Optimization of Preload in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
Table 5
Complications of vascular catheters.
| Immediate | Delayed |
| Central venous catheter and pulmonary artery catheters |
| Bleeding | Infection | Retroperitoneal hematoma (with femoral approach) | Venous thrombosis, pulmonary emboli | Arterial puncture | Catheter migration | Arrhythmia | Catheter embolization | Air embolism | Myocardial perforation | Thoracic duct injury (with left SC or left IJ approach) | Nerve injury | Catheter malposition | | Pneumothorax or hemothorax | |
| Arterial catheters |
| Bleeding | Infection | Retroperitoneal hematoma (with femoral approach) | Thrombosis | | Limb ischemia | | Cerebral embolization | | Nerve injury | | Pseudoaneurysm | | Arteriovenous fistula |
|
|
IJ: internal jugular, SC: subclavian.
|