Epidemiology of Acute Kidney Injury in the Intensive Care Unit

Table 2

Summary of original reports describing the incidence of AKI.

Author	no. of subjects	Single/multicenter	Patient population	AKI definition used	AKI incidence (%)	Mortality endpoint	Mortality (%)
Thakar et al. [3]	325,395	Multi	Mixed	RIFLE	22	ICU	10.9
Ostermann an Chang [4]	41,972	Multi	Mixed	RIFLE	35.8	ICU; Hospital	10.2; 12.9
Gammelager et al. [5]	30,762	Multi	Mixed	RIFLE	15.6	30 days	40
Joannidis et al. [6]	16,784	Multi	Mixed	RIFLE	35.5	Hospital	36.4
Mandelbaum et al. [7]	14,524	Single	Mixed	AKIN	57	ICU; Hospital	7.1; 9.1
Hoste et al. [8]	5383	Single	Mixed	RIFLE	67.2	Hospital	13.3
Cruz et al. [9]	2164	Multi	Mixed	RIFLE	10.8	ICU	36.3
Samimagham et al. [10]	1026	Single	Mixed	RIFLE	21.7	1 year	49; 2.5 RRT at 90 d
Fonseca Ruiz et al. [11]	794	Single	Mixed	AKIN	39.8	ICU; Hospital	25.4; 32.1
Piccinni et al. [12]	576	Multi	Mixed	RIFLE	42.7	ICU	29
Medve and Gondos [13]	459	Single	Mixed	AKIN	24.4	ICU; Hospital	39.3; 49.1
Samimagham et al. [10]	235	Single	Mixed	AKIN	31.1	ICU	72.6
Yue et al. [14]	191	Single	Mixed	AKIN	35.5	ICU	48
Abosaif et al. [15]	183	Single	Mixed	RIFLE		ICU	47.5
Yegenaga et al. [16]	139	Single	Mixed	RIFLE	56.8	UKN	37.4
Bagshaw et al. [17, 18]	120,123	Multi	Sepsis	RIFLE versus AKIN	36.1; 37.1	Hospital	RIFLE: 24.2; AKIN: 24.5
Kim et al. [19]	291	Single	Severe sepsis/; Septic shock	RIFLE versus AKIN	RIFLE: 62.9; AKIN: 65.6	28 days	RIFLE: 58.5; AKIN: 57.6
Lopes et al. [20]	182	Single	Sepsis	RIFLE	37.4	NS	37.4
Lerolle et al. [21]	35	Single	Septic shock	RIFLE	65.8	28 days	62.8
Coca et al. [22]	304	Single	Burn	RIFLE	26.6	NS	7.6
Lopes et al. [23]	126	Single	Burn	RIFLE	35.7	NS	17.5
Palmieri et al. [24]	60	Single	Burn	RIFLE	53.3	UKN	34.4
Bagshaw et al. [25]	9449	Multi	Trauma	RIFLE	18.1	Hospital	16.7
Costantini et al. [26]	571	Single	Trauma	AKIN	29.8	Hospital	15.9
Gomes et al. [27]	436	Single	Trauma	RIFLE	50	ICU; Hospital	8.2; 10.8
Lin et al. [28]	46	Single	ECMO	RIFLE	78	Hospital	60.9
Englberger et al. [29]	951	Single	Tricuspid valve surgery	RIFLE	30	30 days	5.5
Englberger et al. [30]	851	Single	Thoracic aortic surgery	RIFLE	17.7	30 days	1.3
Kuitunen et al. [31]	813	Single	Cardiac surgery	RIFLE	19.3	90 days	3.2
Kramer et al. [32]	668	Multi	Cardiac surgery	AKIN	Surgery: 33.7; Cath + surgery: 50.2	NS	NS
Yan et al. [33]	509	Single	Cardiac surgery	RIFLE	32.8	Hospital	4.3
Mariscalo et al. [34]	414	Multi	Aortic root repair	RIFLE	16.7	Hospital	2.7
Roh et al. [35]	98	Single	Thoracic aorta graft placement	RIFLE	54	30 days	5.1
Machado et al. [36]	817	Single	CP bypass	RIFLE	48.5	30 days	12.6
Sirvinskas et al. [37]	179	Single	CP bypass	RIFLE	10.6	NS	NR
O’Riordan et al. [38]	300	Multi	OLT	RIFLE	36.8	NS	NS
Biagioni et al. [39]	144	Single	OLT versus NEAS	RIFLE	OLT: 29; NEAS: 47	ICU	OLT: 29; NEAS: 51
Guitard et al. [40]	97	Single	OLT	RIFLE	63.8	UKN	UKN
Medve and Gondos [13]	295	Multi	Major noncardiac surgery	AKIN	18.1	ICU	33.3
Tallgren et al. [41]	69	Single	Elective infra-renal AAA surgery	RIFLE	22	Hospital	1.4
Hoste et al. [42]	787	Single	CIN	UKN	16.3	28 days; 1 year	13.1; 35.9
Lakhal et al. [43]	299	Single	CIN	AKIN	14	ICU	18
Rashid et al. [44]	139	Single	CIN	RIFLE	11.5	ICU	31
Valette et al. [45]	101	Single	CIN/Surgical	RIFLE versus AKIN	RIFLE: 19; AKIN: 19	ICU	RIFLE: 26.3; AKIN: 31.6
Chua et al. [46]	105	Single	ROSC following cardiac arrest	RIFLE	PRCS: 51.7; No PRCS: 6.4	ICU	PCRS: 46.6; No PCRS: 27.7
						Hospital	PCRS: 51.7; No PCRS: 34
Cholongitas et al. [47]	412	Single	Cirrhosis	RIFLE	50	6 weeks	61.2
Hata et al. [48]	376	Single	ADHF	RIFLE	73.1	Hospital	10.5
Martin-Leoches et al. [49]	661	Multi	H1N1	AKIN	17.7	ICU	44.1
Jung et al. [50]	221	Multi	H1N1	RIFLE	22.6	30 days	17.2
Nin et al. [51]	84	Multi	H1N1	RIFLE	51	28 days	51.2
Abdulkader et al. [52]	47	Single	H1N1	RIFLE	53	Hospital	19.1
Chacko et al. [53]	31	Single	H1N1	RIFLE	3.2	28 days	16.1

Mixed: combined medical and surgical patients. RRT: renal replacement therapy. ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. OLT: orthotopic liver transplant. NEAS: non-emergent abdominal surgery. CP: cardiopulmonary. NS: not specified. UKN: unable to determine due to inability to access source. AAA: abdominal aortic aneurysm. CIN: contrast-induced nephropathy. ROSC: return of spontaneous circulation. PRCS: post-resuscitation cardiogenic shock. ADHF: acute decompensated heart failure.