Acute Kidney Injury after Major Abdominal Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Table 3
Univariate and multivariate analysis to determine risk factors of postoperative acute kidney injury.
Variable
Unadjusted OR (95% CI)
Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Preoperative characteristics
Age (per year)
1.05 (1.04–1.07)
<0.0001
1.02 (1.01–1.05)
0.049
Male
1.5 (0.9–2.4)
0.07
Caucasian
0.8 (0.3–2.3)
0.680
Solid malignancy
1.9 (1.2–2.9)
0.005
1.4 (0.8–2.4)
0.274
ASA physical status IV/V
2.5 (1.2–4.9)
0.01
1.1 (0.4–2.5)
0.931
Nonrenal RCRI (per point)
2.9 (1.9–4.3)
<0.0001
1.9 (1.3–3.1)
0.003
Preoperative hemoglobin (per g/dL)
0.8 (0.7–0.9)
<0.0001
1 (0.8–1.2)
0.825
Preoperative SCr (per mg/dL increase)
2.3 (1.5–3.4)
<0.0001
1.2 (0.7–2)
0.411
Urgency surgery
1.3 (0.8–2.1)
0.368
Type of surgery
Laparoscopy versus laparotomy
0.6 (0.3–1.2)
0.139
Colorectal
1.9 (1.2–2.9)
0.006
1.6 (0.9–2.7)
0.122
Gastric
0.6 (0.3–1.1)
0.630
Hepatobiliary and pancreatic1
0.6 (0.3–1.2)
0.144
Small bowel
1.2 (0.4–3.5)
0.680
Esophageal
1.3 (0.3–5)
0.698
Other surgery
0.6 (0.2–1.3)
0.559
Intraoperative characteristics
Duration of anesthesia (per 10 min.)
1.02 (1–1.05)
0.024
1.01 (0.9–1.1)
0.208
IOH (per record)
1.2 (1.1–1.4)
0.001
1.1 (0.9–1.2)
0.437
Crystalloids with colloids versus crystalloids without colloids
3 (1.8–5)
<0.0001
1.6 (0.9–3)
0.143
Erythrocytes (per unit)
3.7 (2.4–5.8)
<0.0001
2.2 (1.4–3.5)
<0.0001
Vasoactive drugs use
1.8 (1.1–3)
0.039
1.1 (0.5–2)
0.939
Nonrenal SAPS II (per point)
1.07 (1.05–1.09)
<0.0001
1.03 (1.01–1.06)
0.019
OR: odds ratio. CI: confidence interval. COPD: ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists. RCRI: Revised Cardiac Risk Index. SCr: serum creatinine. IOH: intraoperative hypotension. SAPS II: Simplified Acute Physiology Score, version II. 1Hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery includes gallbladder surgery (), hepatic surgery (), pancreatic surgery (), and bile ducts surgery ().
