Respiratory Variations in Pulse Pressure Reflect Central Hypovolemia during Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
Figure 3
Illustration of different effects of LBNP and NPPV on hemodynamic variables. (a) No effect of LBNP or NPPV alone or in combination (for instance MAP), (b) independent effects of both LBNP and NPPV (stroke volume), and (c) independent effect of LBNP which increases in combination with NPPV (interaction; ΔPP). No effect of NPPV alone. LBNP: lower body negative pressure, NPPV: noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, SB: spontaneous breathing, MAP: mean arterial pressure, ΔPP: pulse pressure variation.
