Outcome in Patients with Isolated Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Table 1
Baseline characteristics and mortality.
Variable
All patients ()
WLST ()
Non-WLST ()
value
Mortality, (%)
55 (33)
100 (45)
0
Median age in years (IQR)
57 (32.5)
67 (22)
54 (35.25)
Mean rank age
n/a
114.56
74.27
<0.001
Median ISS (IQR)
20 (9)
25 (9)
20 (9)
0.01
Median AIShead (IQR)
4 (1)
5 (1)
4 (1)
Mean rank AIShead
n/a
108.47
76.48
<0.001
Female, (%)
62 (37)
16 (36)
46 (37)
0.854
Trauma mechanism, (%)
0.061
Fall stairs or height
53 (32)
19 (44)
34 (28)
Fall low height/collaps or nos
15 (24)
8 (19)
16 (13)
Traffic accident: two wheels
60 (36)
11 (26)
49 (41)
Traffic accident: car
12 (7)
1 (2)
11 (10)
Traffic accident: pedestrian
4 (2)
1 (2)
3 (3)
Hit by subject
6 (4)
0 (0)
6 (5)
Penetrating injury
3 (2)
2 (5)
1 (1)
Hanging
2 (1)
1 (2)
1 (1)
Missing
5(3)
2 (4)
3 (2)
Charlson Comorbidity Index (IQR)
Median
0 (1)
0 (1)
Mean rank
88.37
81.23
0.302
Anticoagulant users, (%)
None or platelet aggregation inhibitors
32 (82)
116 (94)
0.043
Coumarins/heparines/NOAC
7 (18)
7 (6)
Missing
6 (13)
1 (1)
GCS in ED (IQR)
Median
7 (8)
8.5 (5)
Mean rank
47.54
64.51
0.030
Sedated, (%)
20 (44)
28 (23)
Motor score in ED (IQR)
Median
5 (4)
5 (1)
0.009
Missing, (%)
20 (44)
28 (23)
Pupil reflexes in ED, (%)
None or one eye
21 (50)
17 (15)
<0.001
Both eyes
21 (50)
96 (85)
Missing
3 (7)
11 (9)
Corneal reflexes in ED, (%)
None or one eye
11 (58)
4 (17)
0.009
Both eyes
8 (42)
20 (83)
Missing
26 (58)
100 (81)
Sedation, (%)
20 (44)
28 (23)
0.005
Signs on first CT scan, (%)
Epidural hemorrhage
17 (38)
42 (34)
0.716
Subdural hemorrhage
43 (96)
93 (75)
0.004
Subarachnoidal hemorrhage
39 (87)
91 (74)
0.097
Compression basal cisterns
34 (76)
52 (42)
<0.001
Midline shift
25 (56)
33 (27)
0.001
WLST: withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment; AIShead: Abbreviated Injury Score of the head region. 10 patients who died due to other causes than WLST are included in this analysis.
