Critical Care Research and Practice

Research Article

Hospital Mortality and Resource Implications of Hospitalisation with COVID-19 in London, UK: A Prospective Cohort Study

Table 4

Patient management and outcomes in the Intensive Care Unit.


	Study population (n = 76)

Fever in the ICU	57 (78%)
CPAP or NIV	10 (13%)
Mechanical ventilation	74 (97%)
Duration, days	12 (6–23)
Renal replacement therapy	43 (57%)
Duration, days	11 (4–17)
Pharmacological circulatory support^†	61 (80%)
Duration, days	8 (4–14)
SOFA score^‡
Day 1 (admission)	14 (13–16)
Day 3	15 (12–17)
Day 7	15 (13–17)
Day 10	15 (14–16)
Day 14	14 (12–17)
Highest F_iO₂^‡
Day 1 (admission)	0.6 (0.5–0.8)
Day 3	0.5 (0.4–0.6)
Day 7	0.5 (0.4–0.7)
Day 10	0.5 (0.4–0.7)
Day 14	0.4 (0.3–0.7)
Lowest P_aO₂/F_iO₂ ratio, kPa^‡
Day 1 (admission)	17.5 (13.7–25)
Day 3	19.2 (14–24.7)
Day 7	19 (12.5–27.5)
Day 10	20.5 (15–29)
Day 14	23.7 (14–30.2)
Rescue oxygenation strategies	41 (54%)
Neuromuscular blocking drugs	31 (41%)
Inhaled prostacyclin	22 (29%)
Prone positioning	19 (25%)
ECMO	4 (5%)
Tracheostomy	27 (38%)
Time to tracheostomy, days	16.5 (14–20)
Treatment limitations in the ICU	18 (24%)
Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order	15 (20%)
Time to DNR order, days	6.5 (4–13)
Treatment escalation plan (TEP)	16 (21%)
Time to TEP order, days	7.5 (3.5–12.5)
Treatment withdrawal	8 (10%)
Time to withdrawal, days	12 (4.5–18)
Deceased at ICU discharge, or at 30 days	26 (34%)
ICU length of stay, days^§	13 (7–30)
Among survivors	19 (9–32)
Among nonsurvivors	11 (5–14)

Data are reported as median (IQR) or n (%). Abbreviations: CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; P_aO₂, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood; F_iO₂, fraction of inspired oxygen; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU, Intensive Care Unit. Defined as temperature of 38.3°C (101°F) or above. ^†Defined as the use of any vasopressor or inotropic drug. ^‡Data are missing for 1 patient (1%). ^§Those who remained admitted to the hospital at the end of the follow-up period (April 30, 2020) were considered survivors, and length of stay was calculated until that date.